1. Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest
Chapter 4 -
Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest

2. Key Concept 3.1
British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement and the Revolutionary War.
I. Competition among the British, French, and American Indians for economic and political advantage in North America culminated in the 7 Years’ War (F & I War), in which Britain defeated France and allied Indians.

3. A) Rivalry b/w Britain and France intensified as colonies expanded, threatening French trade and Indian autonomy
King William’s War & Queen Anne’s War
Peace of Utrecht
King George’s War (War of Jenkins’ Ear)
Largely stalemates, most territories restored to owner
Fighting over control of Ohio Valley and Great Lakes
Natives supporting both sides, but more on French side (colonists wanted land)
Iroquois played both sides
Franklin’s Albany Plan tried to organize colonies - failed

4. This duel involved England, France, and Spain – Indians as well
– 4 big wars
All were world wars
Fought in 2 hemispheres
Struggle for domination of Europe and the New World
#4 – French and Indian War – set stage for America’s independence

8. Fort Louisbourg

9. Source: Wikipedia Commons
1750
Map of territorial claims by 1750 in North America before the French and Indian War, that is part of the greater world-wide conflict known as the Seven Years' War (1756 to 1763). – possessions of Britain (pink), France (blue), and Spain (orange,

10. George got to start his very own world war!
Courtesy of Yale University Art Gallery Artist, Charles Willson Peale 1781

11. 1754 - The First Clash The Ohio Valley British French
Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Shawnee Indians

15. French-Allied Indians
English-Allied Indians
Algonquian (Mohican)
Delawares
Shawnees
Chippewa
Potawatomis
Micmacs
Huron
Caughnawagas
Iroquois

16. GB/Colonies
French
Advantages:
Colonies easier to defend
Population 15x that of New France
British navy
Disadvantages:
13 different colonial assemblies – couldn’t agree on how to fight
Army moved slowly, not familiar with Euro war techniques
Alliance of many Native Americans
Single govt in New France, made decisions quicker
Smaller population
French settlements widely scattered and hard to defend

17. B) Britain expanded by defeating France but at an expense, need $ and more control
France kicked out of N. America
Treaty of Paris, 1763
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Proclamation of 1763
Debt, new empire, decision to assert control ended salutary neglect, taxes colonies
Felt colonists are ungrateful
Sugar Act, Quartering Act
Currency Act – banned colonies from using paper money

18. Treaty of Paris (1763)
French power done in N. America (still French people in Canada)
France still retained W. Indies sugar islands, fishing stations in Gulf of St. Lawrence
France gives Spain Louisiana and New Orleans – in exchange for their help
Spain gives Florida to England in exchange for Cuba
England is the dominant power in N. America

19. Source: Wikipedia Commons
Territorial changes following the French and Indian War: land held by the British before 1763 is shown in red, land gained by Britain in 1763 is shown in pink

20. C) After British victory, attempts to prevent westward movement generated opposition; Natives resist
Proclamation of 1763 – protect colonists and stabilize Indian relations
Pontiac’s Rebellion
British troops stationed at frontier

21. Map showing the Proclamation Line of 1763
Wikipedia commons

23. Wikipedia Commons

24. Key Concept 3.1
II. The desire for many colonists to assert ideals of self-government in the face of renewed British imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement and war with Britain.

25. A) British efforts to collect taxes and assert control began to unite colonists
Perceived and real constraints on economic activities and political rights
No taxation without representation
Sugar Act
Quartering Act
Stamp Act
Declaratory Act
Townshend Acts
Tea Act
Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
Quebec Act

26. The Quebec Act (1774)

27. A) British efforts to collect taxes and assert control began to unite colonists
Unification and protest
Patrick Henry
Stamp Act Congress
Committees of Correspondence
Boycotts
French and Indian War melted barriers – showed differences between British and colonists
Violence
Sons/Daughters of Liberty
Boston Massacre
Gaspee Affair
Boston Tea Party

28. The Boston Massacre

29. The Gaspee Incident (1772)
Providence, RI coast

30. Boston Tea Party (1773)

31. B) Colonial leaders based their calls for resistance on arguments about rights, traditions of self-rule, and Enlightenment
Americans deprived of rights of British citizens
Writs of assistance were unconstitutional
Cited English Bill of Rights to show taxes had to go through colonial assemblies
Man had natural rights to life, liberty and property – govt should protect rights (Locke)
Long tradition of self-rule (salutary neglect)
Whigs were a major influence – beware of debt, taxes, big govt, standing armies
Further drove paranoia

32. C) The effort for independence was energized by colonial leaders and popular movements.
James Otis (Stamp Act Congress)
Patrick Henry
Samuel Adams (Sons of Liberty, Committees of Correspondence)
John Dickinson (opposed taxation)
Benjamin Franklin (Patriot due to his treatment in England)
Sons and Daughters of Liberty

33. Tar and Feathering