1. Northern and Southern Colonies

3. War and the Management of Empire
Four times between 1689 and 1763, England and France engaged in wars that had far-reaching effects on their colonial governments in America.

4. Outbreak of Hostilities
English pushed into the western territories of the French; continued into the 1740s with the establishment of the first English outpost on the Ohio River
French responded by building line of forts along the river to Lake Erie
The European powers reinforced themselves in preparation for a final conflict in the Americas

6. Tribal Strategies and Consequences of the Seven Years’ War
Native tribes, especially the Iroquois, understood that their best chance for survival was to play the European powers against each other.
Ultimately, the British side (British regulars, colonial residents, and native allies) defeated the French and their allies

7. The 1763 Treaty of Paris gave Britain control of Florida; Spain got New Orleans and French territory west of the Mississippi; the Indians got nothing.

8. Seven Years' War

9. The huge debt from fighting this war led to British attempts to create measures that would force colonists to help pay for these costs and their defense
To prevent further conflict with the natives and to more efficiently tax colonial residents, a royal proclamation created a boundary line where colonial residents were not allowed to settle (see map on the next screen)
Why did this create resentment among some colonists?

11. Imperial/colonial relationship

12. The Crisis with England Sugar, Currency, and the Stamp Act Riots
Sugar Act of 1764
Currency Act of 1764
Stamp Act of 1765
Violent protests within the colonies followed… why?
England’s Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766 but reserved power to control colonies under the Declaratory Act

13. Crisis with England continued
Townshend Duties of 1767
Protest against the Townshend duties took the form of economic boycott of English goods
New York assembly dissolved for defying Quartering Act of 1765 mandating colonial support for British garrisons
Boston Massacre

15. Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party, 1773
Parliament responded with Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) closing the port of Boston, prohibiting most town meetings
Led to call for a First, and then Second, Continental Congress to deliver colonial grievances to an unsympathetic king
By 1774, most of the colonies defied the crown and appointed new assemblies

17. Taxing the colonies

18. Growing colonial resistance

19. The Ideology of Revolutionary Government
Colonists built political views based on English political thought, the Enlightenment, and aspects of their own experiences as colonists
Acts of Parliament viewed attacks on traditional English liberty and colonial economic independence

20. The Turmoil of a Rebellious People
Cities only five percent of the total colonial population, centers of revolutionary ideas
Patriot women facilitated boycotts of English goods
Rural rebellion from farmers such as the Regulators,