1. Social Class, Race and School Achievement
Chapter 11
Social Class, Race and School Achievement
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2. Elements of Socioeconomic Status
Occupation
Education
Income
Housing Value
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3. SES Differences in Home Environment
Knowledge and Understandings
Middle class children come to school with wider knowledge of the world.
Cognitive and Verbal Skills
Middle class children are more familiar with elaborated, formal language.
Values and Attitudes
Middle class families stress independence and self-directed thinking.
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4. Heredity versus Environment
Hereditarian View
Intelligence and school success reflect inborn differences in ability.
Environmentalist View
Intelligence and school success depend on school and home environment.
Synthesizers’ View
Both heredity and environment contribute to intelligence and school success
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5. Classroom Obstacles for Low-Income Students
Inappropriate curriculum and instruction
Lack of previous success
Too much low-level learning
Conditions in working-class schools
Teacher-student background differences
Teacher perceptions of inadequacy
Ineffective homogenous grouping
Overloaded schools
Big classes
Teacher inexperience
Negative peer pressure
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6. Do Schools Equalize Opportunity?
Revisionist View
Educational system is designed to provide unequal opportunities and continue current class structure
Traditional View
Educational system provides opportunities for working class students to achieve social mobility
Intermediate View
Although there are some opportunities for working-class students, more can be done.
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