1. Fossil Fuels You will learn: What a fossil fuel is.
Examples of fossils fuels
How fossil fuels are formed.
A definition of hydrocarbons
What happens when hydrocarbons burn.
A definition of acid rain.
Causes of acid rain
Problems with acid rain.
Ways of reducing acid rain.

3. Fossil Fuels
A fuel is any substance that burns in oxygen to produce heat.
Burning is a chemical reaction
Fuels are needed for cooking, to keep warm, generate electricity, run cars etc.

4. Example of Fossil Fuels
Coal
Coal
Crude Oil
Natural gas
Turf

5. Formation of Fossil Fuels

6. Formation of Fossil Fuels

7. Hydrocarbons Fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are compounds containing hydrogen and carbon only.
Hydrocarbons burn in air to form carbon dioxide and water.
For example
Methane  Carbon Dioxide + water
(natural gas)

8. Hydrocarbons

9. Acid Rain
Rain with a pH of  5.5 is called acid rain.
N.B. Natural rainwater is slightly acidic due to dissolved carbon dioxide in the air.
Causes of Acid Rain (HONOURS)
Sulphuric Acid
Nitric Acid.

10. Acid Rain Sulfuric Acid (HONOURS)
Comes from Sulfur dioxide in the air, which a produced from the burning of fossil fuels. Burning coal and oil results in sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere which dissolves easily in water to form sulfuric acid.
Sulfur dioxide is a colourless choking gas that irritates our eyes and lungs.
Nitric Acid (HONOURS)
Comes from the exhaust emissions of cars. The oxides of nitrogen combine with the water vapour in the air to form nitric acid.

11. Formation of Acid Rain (Honours)

12. Acid Rain Problems
Destroys lakes and rivers killing fish because of the large amount of aluminium it washes into them which interferes with the operation of fishes gills.
Harms trees, damaging foliage and removing many minerals from the soil.
Attacks stone and iron, causing corosion and wearing away of limestone.
Damage to trees Damage to Statues Fish kills

13. Solving Acid Rain Problems
Remove sulfur dioxide from chimneys stacks before it is emitted
Reduce the sulfur content of coal etc. This makes the fuel more expensive.
Use catalytic convertors in cars to remove the oxides of nitrogen.
Burn less fossil fuels and use more renewable energy sources.