1. Chapter 11 DNA and the Language of Life (protein synthesis)
11.1 Genes are made of DNA honors
11.2 Nucleic Acid Sequence (A,T,G,C)
11.3 DNA replication = inheritance
Gene 1 Protein
11.5 Steps from Gene to Protein
11.6 Mutations in genes

2. Mendel didn’t know about DNA Griffith-1928-transforming factor
11.1 Genes are made of DNA
Mendel didn’t know about DNA
Griffith-1928-transforming factor
2 Bacteria
The harmful dead
changed the
harmless living into harmful living
Some “transforming factor” remained active

3. 11.1 Genes are made of DNA Avery-1944- Transforming factor was DNA
not protein
Scientists were skeptical because protein was very prevalent
Hershey and Chase- Radioactive Virus Experiments
DNA is
The genetic
material

4. 11.2 Nucleic Acid Sequence (A,T,G,C)
Nucleotides (A,T,G,C) are monomers (units) of nucleic acids
3 parts: (sugar)
deoxyribose(DNA) or ribose (RNA)
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous bases
pyramidines
purines

5. 11.2 Nucleic Acid Sequence (A,T,G,C)
Nitrogenous bases
pyrimidines Single ring
(Cytosine, Thymine, U)
purines Double Ring (Guanine,A)

6. 11.2 Nucleic Acid Sequence (A,T,G,C)
Franklin and Wilkins- DNA helix
Watson and Crick-Double helix
Base pairings
C-G (Pyrimidine +Purine)
fix notes
A-T (Pyrimidine +Purine)

7. 11.3 DNA replication = inheritance
Figure 11-9 During DNA replication,
the two strands of the
original parent DNA molecule,
shown in blue,
each serve as a template for
making a new strand,
shown in yellow.
Replication results in
two daughter DNA molecules,
each consisting of
one original strand and
one new strand.

8. 11.3 DNA replication = inheritance
Figure 11-10
DNA replication
both directions
"bubbles."
bubbles merge
two daughter DNA

9. Gene 1 Protein
The bases: A,T,G,C are the letters in the language of Life
The letters make up genes
Sentences are the polypeptides (proteins)

10. Gene 1 Protein
Several RNA molecules play a part in the intermediate steps from gene to protein

11. Gene 1 Protein
Each codon stands for an amino acid. (The table uses abbreviations for the amino acids, such as Ser for serine.)
The codon AUG not only stands for methionine (Met), but also for "start“.
There are also three "stop" codons that do not code for amino acids, but signal the end of each genetic message.

12. 11.5 Steps from Gene to Protein
Transcription: DNA to RNA
Go to interactive screen- reading the code- putting it together -interactive

13. 3 types of RNA
mRNA-messenger
tRNA-transfer
rRNA-ribosomal

14. RNA splicing Introns stay IN nucleus Exons EXit nucleus mRNA doesn’t
Contain introns

15. 11.5 Steps from Gene to Protein
Translation: RNA to Protein
Figure Translation begins with the attachment of a ribosome and the first tRNA to a "start" (AUG) codon.
2. The ribosome then moves along the mRNA. The polypeptide elongates as an amino acid is added for each codon.
3. When the ribosome arrives at a "stop" codon, the completed polypeptide is released

16. 1. tap,eat,pat,pet,pea,ate,tea...
2.the PET ATE the PEA
3. 4 x4x4= 64

17. letters (26)= bases (4)
words=codons
sentences=enough codons to make a protien/polypeptide,chain of amino acids
paragraph=proteins
meaning=polypeptide

18. 1. Metabolism
2. Protein Synthesis
3. determines
Protein Synthesis
1.Enzymes,proteins
2. thousands
3.amino acids
4. codons, 3-letter words
5. of amino acids -polypeptide
6. A,G,C,T(U) 64
7.start and stop

19. 8. messanger,transfer,ribosomal
9. mRNA gets the code from DNA
tRNA holds specific amino acid for protein chain
rRNA some read mRNA, some join AA together
10. Step 1 mRNA leaves nucleus with DNA triplet cod
Step 2 ribosome lines up on one end of mRNA
the ribosome has an active site for rRNA + tRNA
Step 3 tRNA has a decoder (anticodon)with an amino acid that lines up with mRNA triplet code
Step4 Ribosome continues until a "Stop" is read

20. Fill in steps from notes on last screen