1. Introduction to Chemistry for Biology

2. “Do Now” – 9/19/16 in your notebook
What are livings things made up of?
What are cells made up of?

3. Matter
Anything that has mass and volume – anything that takes up space
Matter is made up of atoms
What are the three parts of an atom?
Do any of the parts have a charge? What are they?
Very loose definition of matter

4. Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds
Problem: H is an atom, O is atom – how do we get H20?
Part I, basic info: H20 is called the molecular formula for water
What does the little 2 in H20 mean?
What would 6H20 mean?
Part II: How do atoms “stick” together?
Atoms can form bonds – any of several forces by which atoms are bound in a molecule

5. Bonds Covalent bonds Ionic bonds
Using the model to the right, list one similarity between ionic and covalent bonds and one difference

6. Bonds
Covalent bonds
Electrons between atoms are:
Ionic bonds

7. The bonds between carbon and oxygen are covalent bonds
Let’s look at how oxygen and hydrogen bond to form a carbon dioxide molecule
The bonds between carbon and oxygen are covalent bonds

8. Let’s look at how sodium and chlorine bond to form a NaCl molecule
This bond is ionic:
Sodium is “giving” one of its electrons to chlorine
Chlorine is “taking” one of sodium’s electrons
Problem:
Why does sodium have a + sign now?
Why does chlorine have a – sign now?
Hint: it has to do with the electron!

9. Definition: an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Let’s practice!
Ions

10. Molecules and Compounds
When bonds occur between atoms, molecules and compounds are made
Example of molecules: O2, H2, I2, H20
Examples of compounds: Co2, H20, C6H12O6
How come O2 isn’t considered a compound?
Compare O2 and CO2 – how are they different?

11. Molecules and Compounds
Molecule - two or more atoms that are chemically joined together
H2, O2, H2O
Compound - a molecule that contains more than one element
H2O, C6H12O6
Let’s practice!

12. When atoms bond forming molecules, what process has “happened?”
Chemical reaction: a chemical change that occurs when two or more substances combine to form a new substance
Between atoms like
Na+ + Cl-  NaCl
Or between molecules like
CO2 + H20  C6H12O6 + O2

13. Chemical Equations
Chemical equations show us the reactants and products of a chemical reaction
Example of the chemical equation which illustrates the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water which forms glucose and oxygen
CO2 + H20  C6H12O6 + O2
Which are reactants and which are products?
Let’s practice!

14. Properties of Water

15. Polarity

16. Polar covalent bonds
Electrons shared by the atoms spend a greater amount of time around one atom than the other
The result of unequal electron sharing is a charge separation in the molecule, where one part of the molecule has a partial negative charge and the other has a partial positive charge.

17. Why is there a hydrogen bond attraction between H and O?
Compare and contrast the covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds above.
Why is there a hydrogen bond attraction between H and O?

18. Hydrogen Bonds
Attraction between the positive and negative poles of charged atoms
In a water molecule, which atom(s) is the negative pole? What atom(s) is the positive pole?
Given that information, which parts of water molecules should be attached to one another?
Is that what we saw in the POGIL and models today? 