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Causes of the Reformation
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Black Death People Died! People prayed: Nothing happened
People lost faith in the Church
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Renaissance Education People developed a Questioning Attitude
Individualism – People wanted a personal relationship with God The Printing Press allowed ideas to spread quickly
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Clergy Too worldly – they had nicer clothes than everyone else
Many were illiterate!
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Nepotism and Simony Nepotism – give jobs to your family
Simony – sell people jobs What about the most qualified people?!?!?!?!?!?
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Economic Tithe – 10% of income given to Church
Would you give 10% of your $$ to someone?
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Indulgences Indulges were certificates that cancelled or reduced punishment for sins with repentance Pope Leo X began to sell Indulgences to raise money for St. Peters Bascillia
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Indulgences were sold for:
Cancel Sins without Repentance Guarantee you a spot in Heaven Future sins Sins of Dead Loved ones (Purgatory)
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Wrote 95 thesis condemning the sale of Indulgences
Date: 9/13 Topic: Martin Luther Wrote 95 thesis condemning the sale of Indulgences Translated the New Testament into German = more affordable Formed Lutheranism- Salvation by faith alone + Justification by faith Martin Luther Profile //Peasants Revolt Assignment: Finish Worksheet
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Martin Luther
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Justification by Faith
Martin Luther believed in Justification by Faith. A person could be made good by faith in God’s Mercy and love.
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95 Thesis Martin Luther wrote them against the sale of Indulgences and other Church practices Nailed to door of Wittenberg Church Printing Press – Mass Produced Sale of Indulgences declined
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Martin Luther on the Run
He is excommunicated – forced into hiding Translates the New Testament into German – the common person Formed Lutheranism
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Lutheranism Salvation by Faith Alone – no amount of Good works / Only Trust in God’s Love Religious truth and authority lies in the Bible Not a Hierarchy of clergy, but a community of believers All occupations – not just clergy were important
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Also believed in Salvation by faith alone
Date:9/14 Topic: John Calvin Also believed in Salvation by faith alone Believed in Predestination: God picks people at birth Set up a theocracy in Geneva Switzerland Read together John Calvin // Quiz 16-3 Assignment: Finish Reformation Study Guide
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John Calvin
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Also like Martin Luther…
He criticized Church Practices He Attacked abuses by Clergy He Believed in Salvation by Faith Alone
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He also believed that Hard work, Ambition, and Thriftiness were good Christian Values.
= Prosperity was a sign of Salvation
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Predestination God knows all
God knows or picks certain people for salvation even before birth Nothing a man could do to alter his destiny
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Theocracy A church run society Geneva Switzerland
Rebellion against Renaissance Individualism Self Importance Worldly Pleasures ONLY THE GOOD OF THE COMMUNITY IS IMPORTANT!!
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Henry VIII
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Henry was a Catholic Criticized Martin Luther
Married to Catherine of Aragon They had 6 Children Only 1 Survived – Mary He wanted to Marry Anne Boelyn He needs an annulment – catholic divorce – but the Pope refuses
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Henry broke away from Church
Parliament gives Henry power because they want land and $ Henry’s agents – Visitors – close monasteries, sold property, confiscated and destroyed treasures
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Act of Supremacy Parliament passed a law – the Act of Supremacy – that created the Church of England with Henry as the head Church of England granted Henry a divorce.
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Anne Boelyn Henry marries Anne Boelyn She gives birth to a daughter
Elizabeth Anne Boelyn is killed so Henry can have another wife – to give him a SON
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Jane Seymour Henry marries Jane Seymour She has one son – Edward
He is sickly – She dies shortly after childbirth Henry marries 3 more times
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Henry’s Children Edward takes the throne at age 9 – he dies by age 15. He is protestant Mary takes the throne because she is the oldest girl. Bloody Mary – Catholic – She killed all the protestants
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Bloody Mary
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Queen Elizabeth Elizabeth becomes queen 5 years later
She re-establishes the Church of England and calls the religion Anglicanism It is a Protestant Church with Catholic Features She never marries or has children
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Queen Elizabeth I
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The Counter Reformation
The Catholic Reformation This is an Effort by the Catholic Church to stop Protestantism and strengthen Catholicism
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Council of Trent Meeting of Church leaders to redefine Church beliefs Indulgences are banned Faith and Good Works needed for Salvation Only Church can explain the Bible Pope is the final Authority
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Index – A list of books Catholics should not read: Protestant Bible
Inquisition – courts set up to find and punish people who did not agree with the Catholic Church - Heretics
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Jesuits – Society of Jesus
Set up by Ignatius Loyola Spread Catholicism Persuade Protestants to Return and Convert new Catholics Teachers and Missionaries Stressed Absolute discipline and obedience
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