1. MCU – Microcontroller Unit – 1
MCU  1 cip or VLSI core – application-specific
Md. Atiqur Rahman Ahad

2. We use more number of microcontrollers compared to microprocessors.
Microprocessors are primarily used for computational purpose,  whereas microcontrollers find wide application in devices needing real time processing / control. 
Embedded system: is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within it.

3. The microprocessor is a processor on one silicon chip.
The microcontrollers are used in embedded computing.
The microcontroller is a microprocessor with added circuitry.

4. Do HW with block diagrams
Processor?
Microprocessor?
Microcomputer?
Microcontroller?
Embedded system?
Sensor?
What is inside a calculator? Smartphone? iPad? Laptop? Desktop PC? Supercomputer? Clustered computing system?

5. What is an Embedded System?
A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function.
In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an anti-lock braking system in a car. Contrast with general-purpose computer.
Examples range from washing machines, cellular phones to missiles and space shuttles.

6. Microcontroller (MCU)
Embedded Systems
Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller
Microcontroller (MCU)
An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip
Microprocessor (MPU)
Memory
I/O (Input/Output) ports

7. What is an Embedded System?
Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementation.
A computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility.
Often the user of the device is not even aware that a computer is present.

8. Where are the embedded devices?
Mention the ubiquity of handheld devices and things that run on one battery

9. Killer apps! Communications  network routers, switches, hubs.
Children’s toys 
Fuel injection control, passenger environmental controls, anti-lock braking systems,
Air bag controls,
GPS mapping.
Automotive Navigation systems, automatic landing systems, flight attitude controls,
Engine controls, space exploration ……..

10. Appli! Application of microcontrollers are numerous.
Domestic applications such as in washing machines, TVs, air-conditioners,
Automobiles, process control industries, cell phones, electrical drives, robotics and in space applications.
Biomedical instruments
Communication systems
Controller, Control systems
Instrumentations: Data collection, oscilloscopes, signal generators, signal analyzers, power supplies.
Industrial: Elevator controls, surveillance systems, robots.
Home: Dishwashers, microwave ovens, VCRs, televisions, stereos, fire/security alarm systems, lawn sprinkler controls, thermostats, cameras, clock radios, answering machines.
Printers, scanners, keyboards, displays, modems, hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives.

11. Embedded Rocks!
Embedded processors account for 100% of worldwide microprocessor production!
Embedded:desktop = 100:1

12. Embedded Systems is a big, fast growing industry
$ 40 billions in 2000
$92.0 billion in 2008
$158 billion in 2015
$169 billion in 2016
$221 billion in 2021
Embedded hardware was worth $89.8 billion in 2008 and is expected to reach $109.6 billion in 2013
Embedded software generated $2.2 billion in This should increase to $2.9 billion in 2013
Microprocessors/Microcontrollers are the core of embedded systems.

13. Read - http://www. strategyr

14. Information on embedded systems hardware including:
Processor IP (Intellectual Property): Key players include ARM and MIPS.
MPU/MCU: Microcontrollers and microprocessors.
DSP: Digital signal processors.
ASIC: Application-specific integrated circuit.
FPGA: Field processing gate arrays.
Embedded boards.

15. Examples: Refrigerator

16. Examples: Car Door

17. Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle

18. Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle

19. Microcontrollers

20. How to convert a microcomputer into a microcontroller?
 

21. Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance
From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000
Some slides above are from - Dr. Gheith Abandah

22. Types of MCU 8/16/32-bit mcu – internal bus & instruction size, ALU
Instruction sets – RISC/CISC
Complicated instruction set comp [CISC]
It has an instruction set that supports many addressing modes.
It offers flexibility in choosing various ways of performing the data transfer and ALU ops.
Reduced ISC [RISC]
Supports 1/2 addressing modes
Need many registers – so need less fetching from external memories for operations… so higher performance in computing than CISC… e.g., ARM

23. Types of MCU Memory architecture
Harvard mem  has a distinct mem address space for
Program mem &
Data mem
It has separate instructions ,
hence separate control signal[s], for data transfers from these two memories.
Princeton mem  has a common mem space for both. So no need for separate …

24. Types of MCU Family 8051 Motorola
Intel
Philips
Atmel
Siemens
Dallas
Motorola
PIC - Peripheral Interface Controller
Hitachi
Texas
ARM - Advanced RISC Machine (previously known as Acorn RISC Machine)
Others

25. Microcontrollers Microcontroller (MCU)
An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip
Microprocessor (MPU)
Memory
I/O (Input/Output) ports

26. Microcontrollers Support Devices Common communication lines Timers
A/D converter
Serial I/O
Common communication lines
System Bus

27. Block Diagram of Microcontroller
ELEC 330

28. Microprocessor (MPU)
MPU (CPU)
Read instructions
Process binary data

29. MPU-Based Systems System hardware System software Discrete components
Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O
Components connected by buses
Address, Data, and Control
System software
A group of programs that monitors the functions of the entire system

30. MCU-Based Systems
Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip
Buses are generally not available to a system designer
I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions

31. Microprocessor-Based Systems

32. MPU-Based Time and Temperature System

33. MCU-Based Time and Temperature System