1. Beijing-Yichang-Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China
Water Resources Potential of Pakistan
Challenges and Opportunities
By Engr: Rooh Ul Mohsin (Technical Officer, Irrigation Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - PAKISTAN)
Country Water Assessment Final Workshop and
South-South Water Management Experience Sharing
Beijing-Yichang-Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China
21-25 June 2016
Disclaimer:
The views expressed in this document are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document, and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation or reference to a particular territory or geographical area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

2. Major Rivers of Pakistan

3. Status of Pakistan’s Water Resources
Population = 180 Million
Population density = 214 inhabitants/km2
Country’s land area = 79.3 Million Ha
Annual precipitation = 4.94 Million Ha m/year
Irrigated Area = 18 Million Ha
Additional/potential area = 9.2 Million Ha
Length of Canal system = km
Avg annual availability of water = Million Ha m (142 MAF)
Annual Canal Diversion = Million Ha m (105 MAF)
Kharif = 8.26 Million Ha M (67 MAF)
Rabi = 4.69 Million Ha m (38 MAF)
Avg Annual escapage to sea = 4.56 Million Ha m (37 MAF )

4. Water withdrawal

5. DEPLETION IN PER CAPITA WATER AVAILABILITY
m3/Year

6. HISTORY OF FLOOD DAMAGES IN PAKISTAN
Year
Direct Losses
(US $ million)
Lost Lives
Affected Villages
Flood Area
(Km2)
1950
227
2,910
10,000
17,920
1955
176
679
6,945
20,480
1956
148
160
11,609
74,406
1957
140 83
4,498
16,003
1959
109 88
3,902
10,424
1973
2,388
474
9,719
41,472
1975
318
126
8,628
34,931
1976
1,621
425
19,390
81,920
1977
157
848
2,185
4,657
1978
1,036
393
9,199
30,597
1981
139 82
2,071
4,191
1983 63 39
643
1,882
1984 35 42
251
1,093
1988
399
508
100
6,144
1992
1,400
1,008
13,208
38,758
1994
392
431
1,622
5,568
1995
175
591
6,852
16,686
1998 NA 47
161
2001
201
2003
230
2010
10,056
1,985
17,533
160,000
2011 66
516
9,098
Total
19,045
11,866
128,516
576,230

7. PROVINCE WISE LOSSES / DAMAGE DUE TO RAIN – FLOOD 2010
Province / Agency
Total Affected Districts
Cropped Area Affected
(Ha)
Population Affected
(M)
Houses Damaged
Road Mileage
(Km)
Villages Affected
Water Courses Damaged
Persons Died
Persons Injured
Punjab 11
746,9
9.20
2,819
1,778
2,598
110
262
Sindh 17
1,043,500
7.185
879,978
8,467
11,988
6,990
411
1,235
KPK 24
121,500
3.8
257,294
6,511
544
1,790
1,068
1,198
Baluchistan 12
132,500
0.7
79,720
2,077
2,896 47 54
104
FATA -
7,220 *
5,419
1,257
Gilgit Baltistan 7
7,900
0.1
3,157
382
347
960
183 60
AJK
33,100
0.2
6,843
3,575
657 71 87
Total 78
2,092,600
20.185
1,608,184
25,088
17,553
13,042
1,985
2,946
Source: NDMA and DNA Report.
* Data not known

8. Bazi Irrigation Scheme
Upper Siran Canal
MAJOR TRIBUTORIES OF
INDUS RIVER IN KPK
Kunhar River
Siran River
Lower Siran Canal
Icher Canal
Haro River
Indus River
Daur River
Khan Pur Dam
Sarai Saleh Channel
L.B.C
R.B.C
Mingora
Tarbela Dam
Swat River
P.H.L.C
130 miles
40 miles
96 miles
Ghazi Brotha Barrage
Topi
Bazi Irrigation Scheme
Pehur Main
Swabi
Swan River
Amandara H/W
Indus River
Machai Branch
Chashma Barrage
U.S.C
Taunsa Barrage
SWAT RIVER
Catchment Area 13650Km2
Length 280 Km
Population Million
Catchment area Elevation
6000m – 500m above SPD
Bed Slope 21m/Km & 2m/Km
Annual Flow 0.9 M Ha m
(7.049 MAF)
Lower Swat
Kalabagh Barrage
Kabul River
Mardan
Nowshera
D.I.Khan
Kohat Toi
CRBC
Munda H/W
Kohat
Panj Kora River
Main Canal
Peshawar
L.B. Canal
CRBC 1st Lift 64 Feet
Tanda Dam
K.R.C
CRBC 2nd Lift 120 Feet
Warsak Canal
CRBC 3rd Lift 170 Feet
Source: Irrigation Web site
Bannu
Warsak Lift Canal
Tank
Civil Canal
Kurram Ghari H/W
Kurram Tangi Dam
Marwat Canal
Baran Dam
Gomal River
Kurram River
Tochi Baran Link
Gomal Zam Dam
Kaitu River
Tochi River

9. Flow Pattern of Swat River
Flow Pattern.mpg
VIDEO

10. Field Crops Damages District Maize Sugar Cane Rice Vegetable Tobacco
Orchard
Total Cropped Area
Total Affected Area
% Area Affected
Nowshera
26897
100
12736
6368 50
257
231 90
2676
2408
3145
629 20
Charsadda
44903
35922 80
78076
39038
390
351
6392
5753
8472
847 10
3173
476 15
Swat
123550
74130 60
19768
12849 65
10751
6451
28641
8592 30

11. Munda Headwork (Pre Flood 2010)

12. Munda Headworks on Swat River (During Flood 2010)

13. Munda Headwork (After Flood 2010)

14. Munda Headwork (Restored)

15. Flood Mitigation Measures (Recommendations)
I. Structural Measures
Criteria/design standards may be reviewed for major structures in light of the changes in flood patterns and stream behaviors.
Height of FPW may be fixed based on the morphological study of the River.
Vigilant watch of the existing FP infrastructure and its appropriate maintenance based on scientific footings.
Construction of new reservoirs transforming floods from Burden / catastrophe to Useful & Precious water Resources.
The existing natural/manmade constriction in the River Sections must be removed in accordance with the new requirements.

16. Flood Mitigation Measures (Recommendations)
II. Non Structural Measures
Vulnerability and risk assessment.
Flood Plain Zoning.
Land use planning and implementation.
Removal of encroachment from the Flood Plains.
Effective Early warning System in the upper parts of the Catchments.
Flood preparedness and Capacity building of the respective communities.
Sustainable Catchment management with the involvement of stack holders.
Coordination amongst the Govt. organizations for optimization of the flood fighting efforts.

17. Munda Dam as Flood Mitigation Instrument
Had Munda Dam constructed, the 2010 floods’ devastation could have been mitigated.
Height of Proposed M Dam 213 m
Length m
Live storage MAF
E/Cost Million US$
Annual Storage Benefits Million US$
Power Generation Million US $
Estimated Life Years

18. Thanks