1. Tanzimat Era: 1839-1876 Sublime Porte, Reforms, Ottomanism
«a movement in legislation»

2. What are the important documents?
Tanzimat Fermanı (1839)
Islahat Fermanı (1856)
Kanun-i Esasi (1876)

3. Sultan Abdülmecid

4. Tanzimat Edict (1839) Equality of all subjects before law
Guarantees for life, honour and property
Equal, orderly, and just taxation
Conscription system

5. What are the motivations behind Tanzimat
Perceived need for reforms
Diplomatic, political and economic support of Great powers
Preventing Balkan nationalisms
Centralization

6. What are the critical features of Tanzimat?
Equality
Loyalty to state
Ottomanism
Reforms for a modern, centralized and buraucratic state
Shift of power and rise of a new elite

7. The Sublime Porte
Gülhane Hatt-ı Hümayun

8. Islahat Edict (1856) Crimean War (1853-56) Abolishing cizye
Introducing Bedel-i Askeri
«artık gavura gavur demek yasak)

9. International Developments
Crimean War
A crisis over a church in Bethelem (today’s Israel)
Russians in the Balkans
Joint forces of the Ottoman, British and French armies
Paris Treaty (1856)
Florence Nightingale

10. What were some major reforms in Tanzimat period?
Legislative changes
New penal code, commercial code, land code, maritime trade code, mecelle
Nizamiye courts
Education
Need for new personnel, prioritizing bureaucracy and army
Mekteb-i Mülkiye, Mekteb-i Sultaniye, schools for female subjects
Duality?

11. What were some major reforms in Tanzimat period?
Buraucracy and provincial administration
Provincial Councils
Increase in the number of bureaucrats
Muhassils (tax collectors)

12. Young Ottomans Who are they? Ittifak-ı Hamiyet Journalism
What do they criticize?
What do they offer?
Namık Kemal
Life in Exile
Return
Namık Kemal