1. Unit 4

2. Alliance
A joining together for some common purpose
The two nations formed an alliance to defend each other in case of attack

3. Bewilder
To puzzle completely, confuse
The Captain continues to bewilder his troops by giving contradictory orders.

4. Buffoon
A clown; a coarse, stupid person
Some students think that they need to play the buffoon in order to entertain their classmates.

5. Controversial
Arousing argument, dispute, or disagreement
The school board waited until all members were present before issuing the controversial proposal to ban after-school programs

6. Dishearten
To discourage
Do not let your low score on the math test dishearten you

7. Fruitless
Not producing the desired results, unsuccessful
When their efforts to fight the infection with penicillin proved fruitless, the doctors tried a different antibiotic.

8. Hostile
unfriendly; unfavorable; warlike, aggressive
Relations between the two nations have been hostile for decades

9. Inflammable
Easily set on fire; easily angered or aroused
Always be cautious when using inflammable cleaning solvents.

10. inflict
To give or cause something unpleasant, impose
Despite all the jokes, doctors do not like to inflict pain on their patients.

11. Malignant
Deadly, extremely harmful, evil; spiteful, malicious
Much to the patients relief, the x- ray revealed no malignant growth

12. Mortify
To hurt someone's feelings deeply; to cause embarrassment or humiliation; to subdue, or discipline by self denial or suffering
The teacher was mortified by the students childish behavior on the field trip.

13. Orthodox
In agreement with established or generally accepted beliefs or ways of doing things
Our principal, who believes in proven teachings methods, takes an orthodox approach to education.

14. Procure
To obtain through special efforts; to bring about
The hospital held a raffle to procure the necessary funds for the new children's wing.

15. Scurry
To run quickly, scamper, hurry
The reappearance of the teacher caused the students to scurry back to their seats.

16. Sodden
Soaked with liquid or moisture, expressionless, dull, spiritless, listless
All at once, and with much loud honking, the flock of geese rose from the sodden marshlands

17. Spirited
Full of life and vigor; courageous
The royal soldiers put up a spirted defense against the invading army

18. Virtual
Having a certain force or effect in fact but not in name; so close as to be equivalent to the real thing
To those who worked in the office, the bossy new manager was a virtual dictator

19. Void
Completely empty; having no legal force or effect; empty space or unfilled space; cancel or nullify
I thought that poem was completely void of sense
Grandmothers death left a great void in my grandfathers life.
Do you know how to void a check?

20. Wayward Disobedient, willful; unpredictable, capricious
Tracking the wayward path of a comet id no easy matter

21. Wince
To draw back suddenly, as though in pain or fear; the act of drawing back this way
The dogs bite made the child wince in pain.
The patients wince told the doctor to press more gently.