1. Geographical Indications
Legal Systems
for Protecting GIs
Astana, Kazakhstan,
8 December 2016
Daniel C. Crosby

2. Protecting GIs – International Regime
Paris Convention (1883)
Madrid Agreement (1891)
Madrid Agreement and Protocol (1891, 1989)
Lisbon Agreement (1958)
Bilateral Agreements
WTO / TRIPS Agreement (1994)
Revised Lisbon Agreement (2015)…

3. Legal Systems for Protecting GIs
Sui generis protection
Trademarks
Collective and certification marks
Combinations of the above

4. Requirements for sui generis protection
General requirement to qualify for sui generis registration and protection need to describe:
geography of production;
product’s characteristics, quality or reputation;
standards of production
… and production verification and control

5. Sui generis protectionEU
India
Switzerland
Andean Community
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

6. Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES
Saryagash mineral water
Akzhayik mineral water
Borjomi mineral water
Parma Ham
Cognac
Champagne
Parmigiano regionatto
Colombian coffee
Darjeeling

7. Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES

8. Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES

9. Trademark protection Multilateral standards of protection
Basic requirements to afford trademark protection:
No use in the course of trade by third parties,
without the owner’s consent,
of identical or similar signs for identical or similar goods,
where use would result in “likelihood of confusion”

10. Trademark - EXAMPLES

11. Trademark - EXAMPLES

12. Collective and certification marks
Australia
Canada
China
USA

13. Collective and certification marks
“Holder” of right
“Certifies” use according to set standards
Protected under trademark law

14. Collective marks - EXAMPLES

15. Collective marks - EXAMPLES

16. Certification marks - EXAMPLES

17. Certification marks - EXAMPLES

18. Combination - EXAMPLES

19. Combination - EXAMPLES

20. Combination - EXAMPLES

21. Public policy and competition issues
Some countries / producers are making an effort to balance the right to use names of products that have become “common names”.
How do names become common or generic?
Is there a right to object to the registration of geographical names that are widely used?

22. Рақмет сізге ----- СПАСИБО
Рақмет сізге СПАСИБО