1. Chordate Animals

2. Phylum Chordata

3. Phylum Chordata Notochord Gill slits Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Post anal tail

4. Fish
Gills
Extract oxygen from water
Fins for swimming

5. Lobed-Fins (Muscles)

6. Evolution of Amphibians

7. Transitional Tetrapods
Skull, teeth, limbs similar to lobe-finned fish
Acanthostega
Ichthyostega

8. Amphibians
Moist skin
Must return to water to reproduce

9. Class Reptilia
Scales
Amniotic egg

10. Reptiles
Peg like teeth

11. Reptiles
First animals to live away from water

12. Amniotic Egg

14. Evolution of Placenta from Amniotic Egg
Reptile
Chorion
Oxygen from air
Amnion
Provides private pond
Yolk Sac
Food for embryo
Allantois
Store urinary waste
Mammal
Chorion
Form placenta to get oxygen & food from mothers blood
Amnion
Provides private pond
Yolk sac
Temporarily make RBCs
Allantois
Form umbilical cord

15. Birds
Feathers
No teeth
Scales on legs
Bones with air spaces

16. Adaptations for Flight
Honey combed bones
Air cavities
Less weight

17. Light Weight Skeleton
Frigate bird
7 foot wing span
4 ounce skeleton

18. Adaptations for Flight
Enlarged sternum
Flight muscle attachment
Long neck
balance

19. Migration Sissor-tailed flycatchar
Migates to Central and South America in October
Returns in April

20. Migration
Arctic tern
Migrates 25,000 miles!

21. Benefits of Birds to Man
Eat insects, rodents and weeds
Spread seeds for flowers and trees
Food
Sport
Pets

22. Fastest Animal
Peregrine falcon
Strikes prey at 180 mph

23. Elephant Bird Eleven feet tall 1100 pounds Largest egg ever
Extinct in late 1600’s

25. Caudipteryx Feathered dinosaur Flightless Transitional fossil
Dinosaur arms
Dinosaur teeth
Only front of upper jaw
Bird feathers

26. Archaeopteryx 147 MYA Transitional fossil Jurassic Period
Characteristics of reptiles
Characteristics of birds

27. Archeopteryx Reptile characteristics Bird characteristics Teeth
Boney tail
Fingers with claws
Bird characteristics
feathers

28. Class Mammalia
Hair
Mammary glands
Sweat glands
Specialized teeth

29. Reptile Ancestor Reptiles from Pennsylvanian and Permian
MYA
Body close to ground
Legs away from body
Canine like teeth
Dimetron

30. Early Mammals
Triassic
220 MYA
Small

31. Basic Mammal

35. Monotremes Lay eggs Incubate 12 days Lick milk from mothers fur
Transitional species

36. Marsupials Pouched mammals Birth to tiny embryo
Embryo attaches to mother’s nipple to complete development

37. Placental Mammals Placenta nourishes embryo Long gestation period
22 months for elephant
Most successful group of mammals

38. Placental Mammals Competitive advantage over monotremes and marsupials
Better nutrition from placenta
Less vulnerable to predators
More advanced at birth

39. The End