1. Agronomic Crops & Field Management
Mohunnad Massimi
Irrigation Modeling Fellow at Florida (A&M) University
Agronomist and Extension Officer at NCARE
Master of Field Crops from JUST

2. Lecture Sep, 30 2017 Agricultural Eng Ass Zarqa
Number of Targets: 14 Engineers

3. Agronomy Irrigation. Weed Control. Field Machinery. Seeds.
Chemical Fertilizers.
Crop Rotations.
Others = Interactions

4. Field Crop Management Max Crop Yield Seeds Irrigation Fertilization
Rotation
Machinery
Protection
Max
Crop Yield

5. Agronomic Yield (Y) =F(Field Crop Management X)
Seeds
Irrigation
Fertilization
Rotation
Machinery
Protection
Maximum Cop Yield

6. Irrigation & Weed Control
Timing
Amount
Timing
Dosage
Active Ingredient

7. Farm Machinery Tillage
Time
Type

8. Alfalfa and Egyptian Clover
Mold Board Plow in One Way, then Leveling.
Twice Plowing by Chisel (after fertilization).
Once Plowing of Chisel or Burier Tool (after seeding)

9. Sorghum, Silage Corn, Grain Corn, & Sudan grass
Chisel Plow Twice Perpendicularly.
Once Plowing of Chisel or Burier Tool (after seeding)

10. Sudan grass
Sorghum

11. Grain Corn

12. Wheat, Barley, & Triticale
Chisel Plow Twice Perpendicularly.
Twice Plowing of Chisel (after seeding)

13. Barley
Wheat

14. Rye grass Mold Board Plow in One Way.
Once Plowing of Chisel or Burier Tool (after seeding)

15. Tillage Tools
Mold Board Plow
Chisel Plow

16. Burier Tool

17. Seeds
Seeding Method
Seeding Rate & Depth
Hybrids
Planting Date

18. Seeds Technology Terms
Germination %.
Germination Rate Index.
Seedling Dry Weight.
Seedling Fresh Weight.
Seedling Vigor Index.
Germination % After Aging.
Genetic and Analytical Purity.

19. Seeding Methods
Broadcasting
Mechanical

20. Planting Dates Alfalfa. Silage Maize. Grain Corn. Forage Sorghum.
Summer
Winter
Alfalfa.
Silage Maize.
Grain Corn.
Forage Sorghum.
Sudan grass.
Alfalfa.
Egyptian Clover.
Wheat.
Barley.
Triticale.
Rye grass.

21. Hybrid Seeds Quality, Vigor and Yield
Hybrid Seeds Vigor
Seedling Establishment
Yield Components
Yield

22. Hybrids
(Alfalfa (Cuf 101
Silage Maize
(6640VT3P & DKC70 & P1197YHR)

23. (Sweet Corn Quality Hybrid)
Hybrids
Grain Corn
(Sweet Corn Quality Hybrid)
Forage Sorghum (ss2010)

24. (Sugar Graze II & Honey Graze Plus) Egyptian Clover (Hybrid)
Hybrids
Sudan grass
(Sugar Graze II & Honey Graze Plus)
Egyptian Clover (Hybrid)

25. Hybrids
Wheat (Hybrids)
Barley (Rum & ACSAD 176)

26. Rye grass (Syrian Hybrid)
Hybrids
Triticale (Syria 1)
Rye grass (Syrian Hybrid)

27. Seeding Rate & Depth - Mathematical Formula: Seeding Rate (Kg/ha)
Depth & Seed Size
Seeding Rate
- Mathematical Formula:
Seeding Rate (Kg/ha)
Desired plant population/m² x 1,000 K wt. (g) ÷ seedling survival rate (in decimal form) ÷ 100

28. Example [1]
Silage corn (hybrid name P1197YHR) has 1000 seed weight of gram. Germination % is 95% and required density is 7.6 plant per meter square. Calculate the seeding rate.

29. Example [2]
Barley hybrid Rum has 1000 seed weight of grams. Germination % is 99%. How much the seeding rate if you know that required plant density is 210 plants per meter square ?

30. Recommended Seeding Rates
Kg/du
Crop
5-7
up to 10
8-10 5
Alfalfa.
Silage Maize.
Grain Corn.
Forage Sorghum.
Sudan grass.
10-15
Egyptian Clover.
Wheat.
Barley.
Triticale.
Rye grass.

31. Chemical Fertilization
Types
Rates
Times

32. Comments Unfermented Manure (Not Recommended).
Chemical Fertilizers (Recommended).
K in Jordan Soils.
Nitrogen (Urea, Ammonium Sulfate).
Soil Temperature 17 °C.

33. 30 Kg of DAP at Seeding Time.
Alfalfa
Silage Maize
30 Kg of DAP at Seeding Time.
5 Kg of Urea After one Week of Emergence.
5 Kg of Urea after each Harvest.
12 Kg of Urea After Planting (Just in Case of Traditional Singular Harvest Cultivar).

34. 9 Kg DAP and 13 Kg of Urea Before Planting.
Grain Corn
Forage Sorghum
9 Kg DAP and 13 Kg of Urea Before Planting.
2 Kg DAP and 2Kg of Urea at Seeding.
7 Kg DAP and 9 Kg of Urea at 3 Leaves Stage.
10 Kg of DAP After Seeding.
8 Kg of Urea Three Times After Each Harvest.

35. 5 kg of Urea After Planting. 26 Kg of Urea After First Harvest.
Sudan grass
Egyptian Clover
5 kg of Urea After Planting.
26 Kg of Urea After First Harvest.
13 Kg of DAP After First Harvest.
30 Kg of DAP at Seeding Time.

36. 10 Kg of Ammonium Sulfate After Seeding.
Wheat
Barley
10 Kg of DAP After Seeding.
10 Kg of Ammonium Sulfate After Seeding.
5 Kg of Ammonium Sulfate at Tillering.

37. 5 Kg of Ammonium Sulfate at Tillering.
Triticale
Rye grass
10 Kg of Ammonium Sulfate.
10 Kg of DAP After Seeding.
5 Kg of Ammonium Sulfate at Tillering.
5.5 Kg of DAP added Four Times: Before Planting, After Planting, After Emergence, and After Tillering.
6 Kg of Ammonium Sulfate After Each Harvest.

38. Crop Rotation Head of Field Crop Management. Benefits:
1. Soil Water Management.
2. Control Weeds.
3. Control Specified Pests.
4. Soil Fertility.

39. Principles Major Part of Field for Cash Crop. Planting Legumes.
Different Crops of Different Pests.
Different Crops With Different Roots System
Wheat & Barley to Build Soil.
Sensitivity to Herbicides.

40. Crop Rotations = F(IPM, OF)

41. Effective Schedule Summer Winter Year Land Preparation +Fertilization
Legumes 1
Summer Vegetables
Beets 2
Corn, Sorghum or Sudan grass
Alfalfa or Clover 3
Summer Crop
Fallow 4
Deep Plowing
Grasses 5

42. Others - Simple Crop Modeling: Yield (Y)=F(CM). CM=Crop Management.
- Complex Crop Modeling:
Yield (Y)=F(E, C, M, SE).
- SE = Socio-Economic in the Next Lecture.
E=Environment (Eco- Physiological Aspects):
Soil Type.
Soil pH.
Temperature (Mentioned).
Photoperiod.
Relative Humidity.

43. Soil pH and Type & Digital Sensors
Soil Type
Soil pH
Crop
Clay 7
Alfalfa
All Types
6.5
Eg. Clover
Silt Loam
Silage Maize
Grain Corn
Sandy
Forage Sorghum
Silt Clay Loam
5.4
Sudan grass
Sandy Loam 8
Wheat
7.5
Barley
Silty Clay Loam
<7
Triticale
5.3
Rye grass