1. Pearl Harbor and Mobilization of America during WWII: 1941-1945
America at War
Pearl Harbor and Mobilization of America during WWII:
AMSCO chapter 25
Pageant Chapter 33 and 34

2. What Factors Led To The Attack On Pearl Harbor?
With your group, make a list of historical issues between the US and Japan that can be linked to the attack on Pearl Harbor.

3. Pearl Harbor: Why?
1. The Japanese war machine was dependent on shipments of oil, aviation gasoline, steel, and scrap iron from the United States. In late 1940, the Roosevelt administration imposed the first series of embargoes on Japan-bound supplies. In mid-1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the United States and halted all shipments of gasoline.
2. The U.S. actions left Japanese leaders with two alternatives: A) they could give in to American demands that they withdraw from Manchuria or B) they could thwart the embargo by attacking the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor and then seizing the oil supplies and other raw materials in Southeast Asia.
3. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor occurred after diplomatic negotiations with the United States had reached a stalemate.

4. Pearl Harbor 1. Pearl Harbor photos and video footage—
2. Watch FDR’s war address to Congress.

5. Conspiracy of Pearl Harbor?
Read— 1. Did the U.S. know the Japanese were going to attack at Pearl Harbor? If so, why weren’t the prepared? 2. Did the US know an attack was coming? Did the US intentionally allow the attack to change public opinion in the US?

6. Map of Attack on Pearl Harbor

7. Japanese Map by 1942

8. Wartime Mobilization A. Impact of Military Spending
Military spending revived the US economy
As American industry prepared for war, unemployment plummeted.
The dramatic increase in military spending enabled the US to finally emerge from the Great Depression.
B. Price Controls
The govt instituted direct price controls to halt inflation. What is inflation?
The Office of Price Administration (OPA) established a nationwide rationing system for consumer goods such as coffee and gasoline.

9. War Agencies Economic Agencies War Production Board
Office of War Mobilization
Office of Price Administration
Research Agencies
The Office of Research and Development
Manhattan Project
Labor
Smith Connally Anti-Strike Act of 1943
Bracero Program (Mexican agricultural workers)
Finance
Increase and expand the income tax (federal withholding in 1944)
War bonds
Propaganda
The Office of War Information
Soldiers
Selective Service act of 1940—raised around 15 million men
Women’s Army Corps (WACS)
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)
U.S. Coast Guard Women’s Reserve (SPARs)
Total of about 200,000+ women served in noncombat duties during WWII (major boost for women’s rights movement in the last half of the 20th Century)

10. War’s Impact of American Society
An important concept to cover in APUSH is how the war impacted the following groups:
Women—workforce and women’s rights
African Americans—migration, segregation in military
Japanese Americans—violation of civil liberties (internment)
American Indians—code-talkers
Mexican Americans—bracero program, zoot suit riots
It is a good idea to have a list of nouns—people, legislation, etc…that go with each category. Historically, College Board goes to this concept very often. KNOW WELL!!

11. Historical Context

12. H.P.P

13. H.P.P. Analysis
H— P--- P--

14. African Americans and Women
The war years witnessed a continuing migration of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North and West. Some 1.6 million African Americans left the South.
President Roosevelt issued an executive order forbidding discrimination in defense industries. The order was monitored by the Fair Employment Practices Commission.
CORE founded in 1942 (Civil Rights organization)
Double V slogan
Smith v Allwright
B. Women and theWorkplace
“Rosie the Riveter” was a nickname given during WWII to American women who did industrial work in the 1940s.
The war mobilization caused a significant movement of married women into the workforce.

15. Continued…
Note: for details on the Mexican Americans and American Indians, see AMSCO and Pageant.

16. Office of War Mobilization
Women at Work Rosie the Riveter Promo Video Wartime Rationing

17. War Propaganda
Frank Capra’s “Why We Fight” series Cartoon “Slap The Jap” Movies of WWII Famous Songs of WWII

18. Japanese Internment The Internment of Japanese Americans
In March 1942, President Roosevelt ordered that all Japanese Americans living on the West Coast be removed to “relocation centers” for the duration of the war.
Japanese Americans were sent to the internment camps on the grounds that they were, allegedly, a potential security threat.
B. Korematsu v. United States
The relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII raised the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity.
The Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. US upheld the constitutionality of the interment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity.
OYEZ site—

19. Japanese Internment
Japanese Internment—Executive Order What is an Executive Order? Current list of Executive Orders Govt Promotional Film Japanese Internment Short Film

20. “Relocation Centers”

21. Wartime Conferences
Context—During the war, the Big Three arranged to confer secretly to coordinate their military strategies and lay the foundation for peace terms and postwar involvement. SEE AMSCO pages 537 and 538 and Pegeant pages--- Casablanca—Pageant 803 and 804 (picture)--BIG TWO Teheran—Pageant 808--BIG THREE Yalta---Pageant 820 and 821--BIG THREE Potsdam—810 and 811--Truman, Stalin, and British Leaders

22. Wartime Migration (H.P.P.) Pageant pages 795 and 796