1. Evaluations of CMAQ Simulations in southern Taiwan
Yee-Lin Wu1, Ching-Ho Lin2, and Hsin-Chih Lai3
1Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University
2Department of Environmental Engineering & Science, Fooyin University
3Education Center for Teacher, Chang-Jung Christian University
Preseneted at the 2006 CMAS Conference

3. Conceptual Model for Wind Field玉山
北大武山
West wind
West wind
Vortex eddy
Vortex eddy
day
陽明山
Sea-land breeze
night 恆春 潮州 美濃 台中 新竹 屏東 台南 嘉義 南投 台北

4. Spatial Variations of Emissions

5. Conceptual Model for Ozone Variations

6. Diurnal Variations of Ozone Vertical Profiles

7. Ozone depletion layer
residence
depletion
plume
O3+NONO2+O2
north

8. Purposes of Study
To simulate the air quality in southern Taiwan by CMAQ;
To study the formation pathways and mechanisms of pollutants;
To formulate control strategies/measures.

9. Simulation Domains

10. CMAQ Modules Meteorology : MM5 with MCIP
Vertical layers: 54 in MM5 and 30 in CCTM
Chemistry : CB-IV
Aerosol : Aerosol module version 3
Simulation periods: 2003/10/27-31 and 2005/11/01-05

11. Layer
Half sigma
Height 1
0.999 8 11
0.943
452 2
0.996 31 12
0.9325
538 3
0.992 62 13
0.921
633 4
0.988 94 14
0.908
741 5
0.9835
129 15
0.893
867 6
0.9795
160 16
0.8765
1016 7
0.974
204 17
0.8555
1189
0.967
260 18
0.8325
1391 9
0.960
316 19
0.8065
1625 10
0.952
380 20
0.7735
1892

12. Comparisons of Measured and Simulated Ozone Concentrations at Ground Level

13. Comparisons of Measured and Simulated O3 Vertical Profiles

14. Measured Ozone Vertical Profiles

15. Horizontal and Vertical O3 Profiles on 10/29
750m
( , )

16. PM Supersites in southern Taiwan

17. SO2
NOx

18. O3 PM

19. Sulfate
Nitrate

20. EC OC

22. Ratios of Simulated to Measured
North
West
Center
South
SOx
2.6±1.5
1.9±1.5
2.9±3.2
2.9±2.4
NOx
0.76±0.49
1.2±0.89
2.6±1.7
1.6±1.3 O3
0.92±0.38
0.61±0.25
0.53±0.34
0.55±0.35 PM
0.83±0.59
0.86±0.60
1.3±0.81
1.4±1.5 EC
0.46±0.30
0.78±0.61
1.0±0.70
0.95±0.51 OC
0.31±0.26
0.36±0.30
0.63±0.54
0.56±0.44
Nitrate
1.7±1.4
1.5±1.6
2.2±1.9
3.0±2.2
Sulfate
0.23±0.11
0.15±0.11
0.33±0.19

23. Vertical O3 Profiles on 11/2 and 11/3
11:00
13:00
15:00
17:00

24. Vertical O3 Profiles on 11/4 and 11/5
11:00
13:00
15:00
17:00

25. Measured Ozone Vertical Profiles

26. Summary
Conceptual model for wind field has been validated by measured results;
Ozone vertical profiles has been simulated by CMAQ fairly;
The error of simulated PM mass is generally within a factor of two;
Nitrate is overestimated; both sulfate and OC are underestimated and very good agreement for EC

27. Thanks for Your Attentions.