1. Essentials of Sociology 7th Edition
Chapter Four:
Social Structure and Social Interaction
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Chapter Overview
Levels of Sociological Analysis
The Macrosociological Perspective: Social Structure
The Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
The Need for Both Macrosociology and Microsociology
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Levels of Sociological Analysis
Macrosociology
Large-Scale Features of Social Life
Microsociology
Focus on Social Interaction
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Each Positions is a role
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The Macrosociological Perspective: Social Structure
Sociological Significance of Social Structure
Guides Our Behavior
Behavior Decided by Location in Social Structure
Culture
Group’s Language, Beliefs, Values, Behaviors, Gestures
Material Objects
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The Macrosociological Perspective
Need to Understand Social Locations People Hold in Life
Social Class Divides People by…
Income
Education
Occupational Prestige
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Social Status
Social Status
Ascribed
College graduate
Achieved
White female
Status Symbols
Wedding band
Master Status
Female astronaut
Status Inconsistency
College Grad living in poverty
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The Macrosociological Perspective
Roles - Behaviors, Obligations, Privileges Attached to a Status
Status vs. Role
You Occupy a Status
You Play a Role
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Groups & Social Institutions
Groups - People Who Regularly and Consciously Interact
Social Institutions - Means Developed by Societies to Meet Basic Needs
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Pt.2
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12. Comparing Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives
No society is without social institutions
Every society must meet its basic needs
5 Basic Needs
Replacing Members
Socializing New Members
Producing and distributing goods & services
Preserving Order
Providing a Sense of Purpose
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13. Comparing Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives
No society is without social institutions
Powerful Groups control society’s institutions
Social institutions have a single purpose – preserve the social order
Preserve the wealth and powerful in their privileged position
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Societies and Their Transformations
Society - People Who Share and Culture and Territory
Society Evolved Through Stages:
Hunting and Gathering
Pastoral and Horticultural
Agricultural
Industrial
Post-Industrial
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Bioeconomic Society
Economy that Centers on Application of Genetics
Apply to Medicines and Food
Information Transmission Extended to Smell, Taste, and Touch
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What Holds Society Together?
Mechanical Solidarity
Organic Solidarity
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
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19. Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
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Social Interaction in Everyday Life
Stereotypes
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Social Interaction in Everyday Life
Intimate
Personal
Social
Public
Stereotypes
Personal Space
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Dramaturgy:
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Erving Goffman
Dramaturgy
Impression Management
Front and Back Stages
Role Conflict
Role Strain Between and Within Roles
Teamwork and Face-Saving Behavior
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Ethnomethodology:
Uncovering Background Assumptions
The Study of How People Do Things
Background Assumptions
Harold Garfinkle’s Experiments
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Social Construction of Reality
Definition of the Situation - Thomas Theorem
Objective Reality vs. Subjective Interpretation
Gynecological Examinations
Social Interaction on the Internet
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Need for Macrosociology and Microsociology
Understanding Incomplete without Both
Consider the Example of Groups Studied by William Chambliss
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