1. Topic #1
THE STUDY OF IMMUNITY
Prof. Iu.V. Nesvizhski

2. What is Immunity?
It is a faculty of a host to defend from genetically alien agent of either endogenous or exogenous origin for maintaining the host’s structural and functional integrity and reproduction of species

3. Immunity is investigated by Immunology
General and Applied Immunology

4. Brief history of Immunology
E. Jenner (1798) –first publicated data on vaccination against smallpox
L. Pasteur (1881) – main principles of modern Immunology, Vaccine
I.I. Metchnikov (1883) – Cell-mediated Immunity theory
P. Erlisch (1885) – Humoral Immunity theory
H. Buchner (1889) – Complement
E. Boering in coop. with S.Kitasato (1890) – Antitoxic Antiserum
A. Bezredka (1919) – Local immunity theory, prevention of serum therapy complications
P. Medavar and M. Hašek (1953) – Immune Tolerance phenomenon
A. Isaacs and J. Lindenmann (1957) – Interferon

5. General Immunology includes
Immune Chemistry (S. Arrenius)
Molecular Immunology (P. Erlicsh)
Cell Immunology (I.I. Metchnikov)
Immune Genetics (R.V. Petrov)
Immune Physiology (P.F. Zdrodovsky)
Evolutionary Immunology (D. Cuper)

6. Applied Immunology includes
Immune Prophylaxis (L. Pasteur)
Immune Oncology (L.A. Zilber)
Immune Pathology
Immune Pharmacology
Immune Haematology
Allergology
Transplantology
Immunology of Reproduction

7. Modern achievements of Immunology
Decoding Antigen and Antibody structure
Understanding the mechanisms of immune recognition and reaction
Preparation of recombinant vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies
Successful tissue and organ transplantation

8. Types of Immunity
Congenital (natural)
Acquired

9. Congenital Immunity Is
Species-associated
Non-specific
Hereditary

10. Acquired Immunity Is Specific Non-hereditary
The results from a contact with the Antigen during one’s lifetime

12. Immunity Is Classified by
Target
Aetiology
Localisation
Mechanism of action

13. Classification of Immunity by the Target
Antibacterial
Antiviral
Antitoxin
Antifungal
Antitumour
Antitransplant

14. Classification of Immunity by the Aetiology
Sterile and Nonsterile
Sterile Immunity (implies complete elimination of Antigen from the host body)
Nonsterile Immunity (the Antigen persists in the host body)

15. Classification of Immunity by Localisation
Local and General
Local Immunity is Immunity of the skin and mucosa; A.Besredka (1919) was the first to describe it
General Immunity is Immunity of internal tissues and organs

16. Classification of Immunity by the Mechanism of Action
Specific and Non-specific
Specific Immunity is based on specific Immune recognition of the Antigen – “self-nonself”
Non-specific Immunity does not require specific immune recognition of the Antigen (“self-nonself”)

17. Note!
Normally during Antigen invasion, all types, mechanisms and factors of Immunity are involved in the process of host immune defence
Nevertheless the role of some of them may be dominant due to the Antigen and host characteristics