1. Anatomy & Physiology II
Unit Nine

2. Male Reproductive System
The functions of the male reproductive system are:
- to produce the male gamete (sperm)
- to deliver the sperm to the female
reproductive system

3. Male Reproductive System
Urinary bladder
Male Reproductive System
Vas deferens
Penis
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
Urethra
Bulbourethral gland
Epididymis
Testis
Scrotum

4. Male Reproductive System
Urinary bladder
Male Reproductive System
Seminal vesicle
Vas deferens
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Epididymis
Urethra
Testis

5. Female Reproductive System
The functions of the female reproductive system are:
~ to produce the female gamete
(ova)
~ to provide a suitable
environment for the growth and
development of offspring

6. Female Reproductive System
Uterine tube
Ovary
Fimbrae
Uterus
Myometrium
Cervix
Endometrium
Vagina

7. Gamete Formation Remember: + mitosis occurs in all body cells
+ functions of mitosis are
growth, repair & replacement
+ mitosis begins with a diploid
cell and results in two
identical diploid daughter cells

8. Gamete Formation 2n 2n 2n

9. Gamete Formation Remember: + meiosis occurs only in sex cells of
the gonads
+ function of meiosis is gamete
production
+ meiosis begins with a diploid sex
cell and results in four
nonidentical haploid gametes

10. Gamete Formation 2n n n n n

11. Gamete Formation
The haploid gametes fuse in fertilization, producing a diploid zygote
This process combines genes from both parents, producing genetic diversity and variation

12. Gamete Formation
Spermatogenesis is the meiotic division that takes place in the seminiferous tubules of testes
This process, as well as the production of testosterone, is controlled hormonally

13. Gamete Formation

14. Secondary spermatocyte
Gamete Formation
Sperm
Spermatids
Secondary spermatocyte
Primary spermatocyte
Spermatogonium

15. Gamete Formation

16. The Ovarian Cycle
Remember - one of the functions of the female reproductive system is to provide a suitable environment for the development of offspring
The purpose of the menstrual cycle is to carry out this function

17. The Ovarian Cycle

18. The Ovarian Cycle

19. The Ovarian Cycle

20. Fertilization and Development

21. Fertilization and Development

22. Fertilization and Development

23. Fertilization and Development

24. Abnormal Fetal Development
Abnormal fetal development can have several causes that fall into the following categories:
~ pathogens – disease causing agents
~ chemicals
~ radiation
~ physical

25. Abnormal Fetal Development
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
~ gonorrhea
~ chlamydia
~ syphilis
~ genital herpes

26. Abnormal Fetal Development
Gonorrhea
~ caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
~ symptomatic in males, but can be
found in females
~ in females it can lead to PID and
sterility
~ can infect infant during vaginal birth
~ treatment with antibiotics

27. Abnormal Fetal Development
Chlamydia
~ caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
~ symptoms similar to those of
gonorrhea
~ most common STI in the US
~ treatment with antibiotics

28. Abnormal Fetal Development
Syphilis
~ caused by Treponema pallidum
~ occurs in three progressively
worsening stages (primary,
secondary & tertiary)
~ infected fetuses are usually stillborn
or die soon after birth
~ treatment with antibiotics

29. Abnormal Fetal Development
Genital herpes
~ caused by a virus
~ symptomatically a nuisance in
adults
~ infected fetuses can have severe
malformations
~ treatment - none

30. Abnormal Fetal Development
Chemicals, including drugs can cause severe deformations in the embryo or fetus
Exposure occurring early in development may lead to spontaneous abortion, varying levels of mental incapacitation, physical malformations and addiction

31. Abnormal Fetal Development
Chemicals can also alter the genome, affecting development
Radiation can cause the same problems as chemicals

32. Abnormal Fetal Development
Ectopic pregnancy
~ implantation occurs outside the
uterus
~ most common site is the uterine
tubes
~ usually spontaneous abort
~ some will develop long enough to
cause serious hemorrhaging or
rupture