1. Crisis and Rebirth in Europe Late Medieval 1300-1650 into Renaissance
Plagues- Revolts- Wars and Famine
Religious Crisis
Reformation and Renaissance

2. Economic, Social and Health Crisis
A- Famine- partly bad weather
B- Plagues caused havoc(see map p 273)
types Bubonic (Black Death) Pneumonic
blamed sin, flagellation
C- Peasant revolts- reduction in pop-
lords still wanted work- not enough serfs
Jaquire in France 1358, English peasants revolt in 1381

3. Political Crisis Hundred Years War 1337-1453
Begin- fight over Gascony (last English province in France) Edward III claimed French throne-
English win stunning victory at Crecy soldiers paid with strong long bow
France too big too unify under Eng.- Henry V at Agincourt
Joan of Arc- French loose battles but win the war

4. Other Changes
1. Feudalism breaking down. Towns increasing and kings becoming stronger raise own armies- issue right to tax
2. England - long civil war struggle finally establish strong Tudor kings (War of Roses)
3. Spain - Christians uniting to force out Moors
4. Russia forces out the Mongols
5. Ottoman Turks take Byzantium 1453

5. Religious Crisis Western Church spits with the Eastern orthodox 1054
Papacy moves to Avignon- French king powerful- resented by others
Vote for another pope- est Two popes - called another Great Schism
Corruption, conflict - selling church position and indulgences for sins led to >

6. Intellectual Reawakening Ch 25 The Renaissance
Began in Italy- means “rebirth” some see as beginning of modern age with emphasis of individualism
1. rebirth of classics- began to study Aristotle, Plato reconcile antiquity with Christianity
2. Humanism- saw potential in humans- belief in education, change and hope

7. Philosophy of Renaissance (cont)
3. to make people virtuous , see the possibility in improving
4. looked to Greeks and Romans- recognized they were superior
5. basis for scientific thought
And even your gen Ed classes- try to make you an “educated, well rounded human i.e. renaissance (wo)man.”

8. The Reformation ch 27
Many movement to reform- John Hus in 1415 had called for end of corruption went to Council at Constance- burned
Council said they were directly connected to God and everyone had to listen
popes themselves not the models of virtue- supported arts and relatives

9. The Reformers
Martin Luther- deeply religious priest- never intended break, but would not back down at Worms “Here I stand”
escaped, translated Bible to German-began a political and religious struggle in Germany- Most of North became Lutheran
Erasamus 1536t popularized Christian Humanism and inner piety

10. More Reformers John Calvin 1564t systematic reformer
from France to Geneva- set up theocracy
inspired John Knox- carried reform to Scotland
Zwingli 1531t priest in Zurich got rid of relics and images, replaced liturgy with Scripture reading, prayer and sermon, died in battle