1. Die Brucke & Surrealism
Erin, Reed, Jordan

2. Surrealism
Began in 1924
Imagery inspired by the publication of the Manifesto of Surrealism by André Breton
Exploration of dreams and unconsciousness
The desire to push against the boundaries of what was socially acceptable
Incorporation of chance and spontaneity
Offered the idea that dreams have multiple symbolic meanings
Investigated complexities of dreams

3. Salvador Dali Surrealism icon
Moved from Spain to Paris and joined the Surrealism movement
His work used classical techniques, influenced by Renaissance artists, that contradicted the unreal dream space he created with hallucinatory characters.
Invented Paranoiac Critical Method –mental exercise of accessing the subconscious to enhance creativity; interpretation of spontaneous thought patterns
Strived to created a reality of his dreams and subconscious thoughts

4. The Persistence of Memory, 1931
He referred to his painting as “hand painted dream photographs”
There is a head-like object lying on the ground with it’s eyes closed, which refers to a dream state
Drooping pocket watch suggests the irrelevance of time while being asleep
Mastered what he called “the usual paralyzing tricks of eye-fooling”
Painted this work with precision to discredit the world of reality and stir up confusion
Visual brainteaser and attack on the rational
Depicts and open, lonely space that looks deserted
The scene is quiet, with no movement and a still ocean
Time seems to have melted
Shows the cliffs of the Catalonian coast in northern Spain

5. Dream caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate one minute before awakening, 1944
Tranquil marine landscape
Marked a return to the Paranoiac Critical Method
Depicts Gala, Salvador’s wife, in the midst of a dream
Chaotic vision
Sexuality is a central theme, like in many surrealist paintings
The elephant creature is a symbol of war and destruction, which conveys the mood of terror and confusion- a nightmare
Inspired by Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis
Expresses the “consequences of the instantaneous of a chance event which causes the sleeper to wake.”

6. Die Brucke Nollendorfplatz, 1912 By: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
German for “the bridge”
A short time period lasting from
Took place in the German cities of Dresden and Berlin
Encompassed many different subject matters such as the human figure, landscape, portraiture, and still-life
Characterized by bold colors, definitive lines,
jagged figures, and distorted shapes
Influenced by German Gothic woodcuts
Recognized as the birth of Expressionism
Also influenced by “barbaric” figures and
primitive art
Nollendorfplatz, 1912
By: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

7. Ernst Ludwig kirchner Driving force behind the Die Brucke group
Wanted to preserve traditional German culture but found inspiration from the modern city
Viewed as one of the most influential and talented German artists
Sadly became depressed and committed suicide after he fell victim to the Nazi’s campaign to “Degenerate Art”
Human figure essential subject matter to Kirchner- had models posing in his art studio

8. MARZELLA (1909-1910) Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Oil on canvas Harsh lines
Painted with rapid sketching technique
Intense gaze and heavy face
Bright, strong colors
Shows how important the human figure was to Kirchner

9. Street, Berlin (1913) Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Oil on canvas
Inside the Museum of Modern Art in New York City
Depicts Kirchner’s interest in the modern city
Figures have angular and sharp faces
Believed that increasing tension in the German culture detached urban individuals from society (painted just before) WWI
Many men in background with sullen expressions
Street slightly tilted