1. Protein Synthesis- Translation
Translation (Step 2) Changing mRNA to proteins
How does it begin?
mRNA arrives at the ribosome
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to match up to the mRNA according to Chargaff’s rules
Every three nucleotide bases on the mRNA represents a codon
the tRNA that matches it is the anticodon and brings in the appropriate amino acid

2. Protein Synthesis- Translation
Translation Animation

3. Protein Synthesis- Translation

4. Protein Synthesis - Translation
Example: DNA: mRNA: Amino Acids:
A A C T G A T G C
Transcription 
U U G A C U A C G
Translation 
LEU -
THR -
THR

5. Protein Synthesis- Translation
Find the amino acid coded for by:
AUG
CAU
GGG
UAA
UAG
UGA
 Met (start)
 his
 gly
 Ter (stop)
 Ter (stop)
 Ter (stop)

6. Protein Synthesis- Translation
There are 64 possible codons
Only 20 amino acids, therefore some amino acids may be coded for by more than one triplet codon

7. There are special start and stop sequences (codons)
Start codon = AUG  codes for the amino acid methionine
stop codons = UGA, UAG, UAA
These are STOP codons and they signal the end of a protein
They are also called termination codons (ter)

8. Protein Synthesis- Translation

9. Protein Synthesis Summary
Protein Synthesis- Translation
Protein Synthesis Summary