1. Good morning  Clear your desk and take out something with which to write. We will begin with our Poetry Quiz today.

2. EQs: How can I assess my knowledge of poetry and figurative language
EQs: How can I assess my knowledge of poetry and figurative language? What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

3. Verbals Gerund Participle Infinitive
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

4. GERUND PARTICIPLE INFINITIVE
Verbal Phrase =
A phrase that is centered around a verb form.
This verb form is NOT used as a verb in the sentence
It is used as a noun, adjective or adverb.
There are 3 kinds of verbals or verbal phrases:
GERUND PARTICIPLE INFINITIVE
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

5. Gerund
What?
- ing
NOUN
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

6. Gerund / Gerund Phrase …centers around a verb form ending in -ING
…is always used as a noun
…is never surrounded by commas (except for appositives)
Caution! -ING verb forms can also be verbs or adjectives (These are NOT gerunds.)
…can be used in each of the 6 noun positions

7. Not all -ING words are Gerunds:
morning
evening
something
nothing
anything
everything
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

8. Not all -ING words are Gerunds:
Morning -- NOUN
Evening-- NOUN
Something-- PRONOUN
Nothing-- PRONOUN
Anything-- PRONOUN
Everything-- PRONOUN
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

9. Gerund / Gerund Phrase
His sister was dancing in the show. (not a gerund, verb phrase)
I hate practicing the piano. (Direct Object)
I gave my mom’s cooking a perfect 10. (Indirect Object)
Sitting by the pool is quite relaxing. (Subject)
Wishing upon a star, Sue imagined a better life. (not a gerund, participial phrase)
While I was walking on the beach, I found a sand dollar. (not a gerund, clause)

10. Participle -ing -d -ed -n -en -nt What kind? Which one? ADJECTIVE
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

11. Participles… are verb forms that act like adjectives.
can end in –ing, -d, -ed, -n, -en, nt
will come as close as they can to the noun they modify
can come BEFORE or AFTER the noun it modifies
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

12. Participles Examples:
The frowning clown fell down. (article/ adj./noun)
The clown, frowning at the crowd, fell down.
Frowning at the crowd, the clown fell down.
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

13. Participial Phrases… may fall at the beginning of the sentence.
If so, it will be separated from the sentence with a comma
Example:
Bent by the wind, the tree finally fell over.
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

14. Find the participles: The fallen tree blocked the road.
Mary had to replace the soiled carpet.
Mike’s goal was hiking the Rockies.
The running water eroded the soil.
We finally got our own swimming pool.
Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful.
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

15. Find the participles (Answers)
The fallen tree blocked the road.
Mary had to replace the soiled carpet.
Mike’s goal was hiking the Rockies. (gerund)
The running water eroded the soil.
We finally got our own swimming pool.
Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful. (gerund)
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

16. Find the participial phrases:
Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the family.
Seeing my family made me feel safe.
Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell.
The wind, whipping through the valley, did extensive damage.
I saw my uncle waiting for me.
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

17. Find the participial phrases (Answers)
Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the family.
Seeing my family made me feel safe. (gerund)
Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell.
The wind, whipping through the valley, did extensive damage.
I saw my uncle waiting for me.
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

18. Participle / Participial Phrase patterns to look for…
participial phrase , Subject + verb… Subject, participial phrase , verb… Subject + verb +DO participial phrase Preposition + OP participial phrase Article participle Noun

19. to + verb Infinitive What? (NOUN) Which one? (ADJ.) What kind? (ADJ.)
Why? (ADV.)
to + verb
NOUN / ADJECTIVE / ADVERB
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

20. Infinitive RULES: Center around TO + verb
Verb is “naked” – No endings (-ing, -ed, etc.)
Examples: to go, to sit, to talk, etc.
Can be used as noun, adj. or adv.
Caution! Do not confuse with prepositional phrases using “to” (to school, to me, to us, to them, to lunch, etc.)
EQ: What are verbals? Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.