1. JOINT
OPERATIONS 4 4 5 5 5

2. Bottom Line on Joint Operations
The USAF doesn’t operate alone. It takes all military services working together to successfully execute & win America’s wars 1 1 1

3. Failed Hostage Rescue Video

5. Overview The World Situation Describe Joint Operations
History of Joint Warfare
Joint Doctrine
Range of Operations
Types of Joint Operations
Joint Warfare Values

6. World Situation Regional instability WMD proliferation
Transnational threats: ethnic/economic/health/crime
Military operations tempo
Force structure
Defense budget

7. Joint Operations
Joint Operation is described in Joint Publication 1 and 3-0 as the integrated and synchronized application of all appropriate capabilities to achieve a unified effort.
Joint warfare is team warfare.
Contains two or more services.(From 2 or more Departments)

8. History of Joint Operations
Joint Warfare
Joint Doctrine 6 6 7 9 7

9. Joint Warfare 1781: Battle of Yorktown French Naval Blockade
Lafayette
1781: Battle of Yorktown
French Naval Blockade
American Ground Forces
Lord Cornwallis
Washington 7 7 10 8 8

10. Joint Warfare 1863: Battle of Vicksburg
Control of the Mississippi River
Teamwork: Navy, Marine, and Army Assault
45-Day Siege 8 8 9 11 9

11. Joint Warfare 1944: Operation OVERLORD Air Superiority Sea Superiority
Special Operations 10 10 11 13 11

12. Joint Warfare No Synergy Operation OVERLORD (cont’d) Leadership
Eisenhower
Complete autonomy
6,000 ships, 13,000 aircraft, 250,000 personnel from all branches
Von Runstedt
No autonomy
No control over armor, air defense, or coastal artillery
No Synergy

13. Joint Warfare
“You may fly over a land forever; you may bomb it, atomize it, pulverize it and wipe it clean of life—but if you desire to defend it, protect it, and keep it for civilization, you must do this on the ground, the way the Roman legions did, by putting your young men into the mud.”
~ T. R. Fehrenbach, This Kind of War

14. Joint Warfare Afghanistan—Op ENDURING FREEDOM
A new kind of warfare—Network-centric
US Special Forces “composite” teams 12 12 13 15 13

15. Joint Doctrine National Security Act of 1947—Created:
National Military Establishment
Secretary of Defense
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Unified & Specified Commands
The departments, Army, Navy, Air Force
National Security Council
Central Intelligence Agency 12 12 13 15 13

16. Joint Doctrine Reorganization Act of 1958
Defined the chain of command from the President to the services
President>SecDef>Unified CC>Component CC
Unified Commands increased their operational control (OPCON) of resources 13 13 14 16 14

17. Joint Doctrine Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act of 1986
Strengthened role of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)
CJCS became principal military advisor to the President and SecDef
Mandated Doctrine
Provides a common perspective from which to plan and operate
Shapes the way we think and train for war
Not a checklist that will guarantee military victory 14 14 15 17 15

18. Joint Doctrine Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d)
Required officers to serve in a joint billet before promotion to flag rank
Two separate branches in the military chain of command
Operational
Administrative 14 14 15 17 15

19. Joint Organization Forces President CJCS* --- --- Military Departments
Unified Combatant Commander
Components
President
Secretary of Defense
Military Departments
Operational
Administrative
Forces
(not assigned to Combatant Commander)
---
---
Service Secretary
*CJCS has no operational control
---communication channel 2 2 2 2 2

20. Joint Doctrine Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d) Operational
Unified combatant commander in charge of all services/components
Component commanders responsible for their piece
Sometimes difficult to determine which service to use at a particular time and place 14 14 15 17 15

21. Joint Doctrine Goldwater-Nichols Act (cont’d) Administrative
Military departments responsible for all personnel within their service not assigned to the combatant commander
Separate and distinct from the branch that contains the operational command 14 14 15 17 15

22. Unified Commander/Joint Forces Commander
Operational Branch
Land Maritime Air Special Ops
Simple
Chain
President
Secretary of Defense
Unified Commander/Joint Forces Commander
President
Secretary of Defense
Unified Commander
Special Operations
Air Force
Navy
Army 15 15 16 18 16

23. The Joint Campaign Objective
Usually set by the President and Secretary of Defense
Unified Combatant Commander decides best way to accomplish objective 27 27 31 33 28

24. The Joint Campaign Military Strengths
Each service brings unique strengths and weaknesses to the joint environment 27 27 31 33 28

25. Conducts prompt and sustained operations at and from the sea
Navy
Conducts prompt and sustained operations at and from the sea
TRANS: What does the Army bring to the fight??? 16 16 18 20 17

26. Conducts amphibious landings and ground operations
Marine Corps
Conducts amphibious landings and ground operations
TRANS: What does the AF bring to the fight??? 20 20 23 25 21

27. Conducts prompt and sustained land combat operations
Army
TRANS: What does the Marines bring to the fight???
Conducts prompt and sustained land combat operations 23 23 27 29 24

28. Uses air and space power to exploit the aerospace environment
Air Force
Uses air and space power to exploit the aerospace environment

29. Joint Campaign
The difficult task is determining which service to use at a particular time and place because each service brings unique strengths and weaknesses to the joint environment. 
Scare recourses 28 28 32 34 29

30. Joint Campaign Joint Shopping List Strategic Strike Capability
Air Force > Navy > Army and Marine Corps*
Guerrilla/Urban Warfare
Army > Marine Corps > Air Force and Navy*
Forced Entry
Marine Corps > Army > Air Force and Navy*
Control Ground
Army > Marine Corps > Navy and Air Force*
* Services listed from most likely to least likely 28 28 32 34 29

31. How We Fight Video

32. Blackhawk Down

33. Range of Military Operations
ENGAGEMENT, SECURITY COOPERATION, AND DETERRENCE
CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS RESPONSE
MAJOR OPERATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS
Relative
Intensity
and Level of Commitment
Low
High
Relative Frequency of Occurrence
Wider = Occurs More Often
The Conflict Continuum
Major War
Stable Peace
Military operations vary in purpose, scale, risk, and intensity. They include relatively benign, routine, and recurring military activities during peacetime; specific combat and non-combat responses to contingencies and crises as they occur; and less frequent, large-scale combat operations typical of wartime conditions. (Adapted from JP 3-0)

34. Crisis response/Engagement/Major operation/Deterrence/Contingency
Natural Part of War
Escalation
De-Escalation
Desert Shield
Northern and Southern Watch
TIME
Crisis response/Engagement/Major operation/Deterrence/Contingency

35. Types of Joint Operations
Arms Control and Disarmament
Combating Terrorism
Counterdrug Operations
Enforcement of Sanctions
Freedom of Navigation

36. Types of Joint Operations (cont’d)
Nation Assistance
Protection of Shipping
Show of Force
Support to Insurgency
Noncombat Evacuation Operation

37. Types of Joint Operations (cont’d)
Peace Operations
Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
Recovery Operations
Consequence Management
Strikes and Raids

38. Types of Joint Operations (cont’d)
Support to Homeland Security
Major Combat Operations
Offensive
Defensive
Stability

39. Joint Force Values Integrity Competence Physical Courage Moral Courage
Say what you mean &do what you say
Competence
Those you lead deserve no less
Physical Courage
You never know when…
Moral Courage
Always do what is right
Teamwork
Essential to Joint Operations 31 31 35 37 32

40. Summary The World Situation Described Joint Operations
History of Joint Warfare
Joint Doctrine
Range of Operations
Types of Joint Operations
Joint Warfare Values

41. Tomorrow… Where will you be? KOSOVO DAGESTAN TAIWAN SUDAN NIGERIA
INDIA
ALGERIA
VENEZUELA
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
LIBERIA
WEST BANK
ERITHEA
CHINA
PAKISTAN
EAST TIMOR
HURRICANE RELIEF
SRI LANKA
YEMEN
ZIMBABWE
AFGHANISTAN
Where will you be?

42. Questions?