1. VANET

2. Introduction to VANET
-Vehicles connected to each others through an ad hoc formation form a wireless network called “Vehicular Ad Hoc Network”. -Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a subgroup of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). -It includes V2V communications and V2R communications and is important component of ITS. -Nodes are expected to communicate by means of North American DSRC standard that employs the IEEE p standard for wireless communication.

3. It provides comfort and commercial applications to the road users.
Continued..
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) provides wireless communication among vehicles and vehicle to road side equipment's.
It provides comfort and commercial applications to the road users.
Figure : Working structure of VANET

4. Why VANET Increase traveler safety
10.8 million vehicle crashes from 1990 to 2009
36,000 fatalities in 2009 only
24,000 Deaths due to collision with other vehicles / objects.
Waste Oil around $100 billion per year
Boost on-board luxury

5. VANET

6. ARCHITECTURE Road Side Unit (RSU) V2R V2V
Server (Location Based Service)
Server (Traffic Monitoring)

8. Applications of VANET

9. Security in VANETs When data is compromised, the whole system suffers.
The nature of VANETs could lead to
malicious attacks.
Predictable movement of nodes.
High mobility of victim/attacker.
Adversaries could break the system.
Data sinkholes (black hole)
Feed false information.
Sybil attacks.
Flood the system.
Security measures must be taken to
avoid malicious attacks on the system.
Security in VANETs

10. Threats in VANET Threats to Availability Threats to Authentication
Threats to driver’s Confidentiality

11. Threats to Availability

12. Black Hole Problem
Fig. Black Hole Problem
Fig. Black Hole Problem

13. Threats to Authentication

14. Threats to Confidentiality
Because VANET mobility is higher than MANET, routing with capability of ensuring security in VANET is more problematic than Ad-hoc.
Illegal collection of messages by eavesdropping and gathering of location information available through the transmission of broadcast messages.
Location privacy and anonymity are important issues for vehicle users .
Threats
to Confidentiality
Fig. Black Hole Problem

15. Challenges in VANETs Mobility Volatility Privacy VS Authentication
Privacy VS Liability
Network Scalability
Challenges in VANETs

16. Security Requirements
Message authentication and integrity.
Message non-repudiation.
Node authentication.
Access control.
Message confidentiality.
Availability
Accountability.
Privacy protection.

17. Authentication
Every message must be authenticated to make sure its origin and to control authorization level of the vehicles
Vehicles sign messages with their private keys along with digital certificate
Digital signature causes an overhead. To reduce this overhead ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) can be used
Fig. Black Hole Problem

18. Availability
- Vehicular network must be available all the time, in real-time - A delay in seconds for some applications will make the message meaningless and maybe the result will be devastating - Attempting to meet real-time demands makes the system vulnerable to the DoS attack.

19. Accountability/Non-repudiation
Non-repudiation will facilitate the ability to identify the attackers even after the attack happens. This prevents cheaters from denying their crimes.
Accountability is related to the ability to provide necessary evidence to show how each party involves in the communications.
Any information related to the car, e.g. the trip route, speed, time, any violation will be stored in a tamper-proof OBU, any official side holding authorization can retrieve this data.

20. Privacy
Keeping the information of the drivers away from unauthorized observers, this information like real identity, trip path, speed etc.
The privacy could be achieved by using temporary (one-time) keys. Keys are stored in the tamper-proof OBU. The keys will be reloaded in next time that the vehicle makes an official checkup.

21. Continued..
For preserving the real identity of the driver, an ELP (Electronic License Plate) is used, this license is installed in the factory for every new vehicle, it provides an identification number for the vehicle, to identify the vehicle in anywhere, with the RFID technology to hold the ELP.
In case when the police or any official wants the real identity, it can take an order from the judge to recover the identity of specific vehicles ELP.

22. Secure Routing Requirements
Keeping the information of the drivers away from unauthorized observers, this information like real identity, trip path, speed etc.
The privacy could be achieved by using temporary (one-time) keys. Keys are stored in the tamper-proof OBU. The keys will be reloaded in next time that the vehicle makes an official checkup.

23. Continued..
For preserving the real identity of the driver, an ELP (Electronic License Plate) is used, this license is installed in the factory for every new vehicle, it provides an identification number for the vehicle, to identify the vehicle in anywhere, with the RFID technology to hold the ELP.
In case when the police or any official wants the real identity, it can take an order from the judge to recover the identity of specific vehicles ELP.

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