1. Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self)
Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

2. Photosynthesis Starting Materials Process Products Energy (sunlight)
Carbon Dioxide
Water
The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water and makes food
Sugars
Oxygen

3. Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs
Ex: animals and most microorganisms

4. Cellular Respiration Starting Materials Process Products Sugars Oxygen
The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy
Energy (ATP)
Carbon Dioxide
Water

5. HOW THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER:
IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENDOTHERMIC OR EXOTHERMIC?
WHAT ABOUT CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

6. Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes, but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand.
Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods…BUT HOW & WHERE DO THEY GET IT?

7. Nutrients – substances in food that provides body with raw materials and energy to carry out essential processes
Carbohydrates (Sugar)
Lipids (Fats)
Proteins
Water, vitamins and minerals are not a source of energy, but are also necessary for an organism to function

8. Minerals and Vitamins
These are not food, but are necessary for organisms to carry out biological processes.
Minerals: (not made by living things)
Ca (calcium): used for muscle movement, for nerves to carry messages between the brain and every body part, for structural strength of bones and teeth
Iron: needed by red blood cells to carry oxygen, used by muscles to store oxygen.
Salt (NaCl): needed to help maintain correct fluid levels, transfer information in muscle and nerve fibers
Vitamins: (made by living things) most vitamins function as catalysts for reactions within the body. Many of the enzymes in your body don’t “work” unless their physical structure is changed by a vitamin

9. Food’s Pathway to Energy
Does your body get the same thing from every type of nutrient?

10. Carbohydrates Energy rich C, H, and O Simple sugars - glucose
Complex carbohydrates – made up of many simple sugars attached to each other
Starch – potatoes, rice
Cellulose – make up plant cell walls
Found in cell membranes, other cell parts, and store energy

11. Lipids (Fats) Contain more than 2x the energy of carbohydrates
Store energy
Protect internal organs
Insulate the body

12. Proteins For tissue growth and repair
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
Can be used for energy, but not as typical

13. Carbohydrate molecule
(Sugar)
Lipid Molecules (Fats)
Protein molecule

14. The Simple Story of How Food Becomes Energy
How is the food you just put in your mouth being broken down so your cells can actually use it as energy? Once it is small enough to be used by a cell what happens on the cellular level?

15. The source of your nutrient
Assignment: Select which of the 5 major nutrients you will use for your book page.
You are part of a group of illustrators that work for a children’s book company.
You have been hired to illustrate a book for elementary students about what happens to food when you eat it.
You will choose a specific type of nutrient (carbohydrate, fat, etc..) to focus on. Using your knowledge from this lesson, create a page for the book that illustrates:
The pathway from your mouth to your cells – how is it used to create energy?
The source of your nutrient
Why it is important to your body – in other words, what does it provide for you?