1. By Luciana Zaffalon Leme Cardoso
IMPRISONED WOMEN IN BRAZIL THE DIFFERENCE IN TREATMENT AND THEIR INVISIBILITY
By Luciana Zaffalon Leme Cardoso

2. IMPRISONED WOMEN IN BRAZIL
Context: Brazil
Problem identification
Comparative Graphs of the Brazilian penitentiary system
Recent facts - Inauguration of the Sant’Ana Female Penitentiary

3. Brazil – 8th position in social inequality
1 . CONTEXT: BRAZIL
Capital – Brasília
Government System – Presidentialism
Language – Portuguese
Surface area – 8,511,996.3 Km²
Gross Domestic Product - GDP – US$ 796 billion
GDP Per Capita – US$ 4,321
Unemployment rate – 9.8%
Illiteracy rate – 11.6%
Population – inhabitants
Men – %
Women – %
Incarcerated population:
Brazil – 8th position in social inequality
46.9% of Brazilian domestic income is held by the richest 10% of the population, the lower 10% of the population receive 0.7% of the income

4. 2. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
1. The right to receive intimate visits is not extended to female inmates, as it is granted to men
2. Female homosexuality is deemed as an administrative fault, though there is no legal action foreseen against it (which may even result in the loss of penalty reduction)
3. Basic female specificities are not taken into account: the women have no access to essential products, such as, for example, tampons, for which they try to compensate for by saving the soft part of the bread to use at the time of their menstruation

5. Penalty execution - WOMEN
3. COMPARATIVE GRAPHS
Penalty execution - WOMEN
48%
52%
Pertentage of woman out ot the
total imprisoned population
In the Public Security System, which is inadequate to carry out the penalty, the women have no access to education or work, since these rights are not warranted during the time served in the police system. As a consequence, they are brutally impaired, once they become ineligible to receive penalty remission. Furthermore, at the police stations and public jails, there is no Public Defender to offer legal assistance, as the Federal Constitution demands.
96%
Penalty Execution - MEN
78%
22% 4%
Men
Women
In APPROPRIATE facilities
In INAPPROPRIATE facilities

6. 3. COMPARATIVE GRAPHS Before being arrested WOMEN 33% 67%
Did not live with their children
Lived with their children
Raising children after MEN’S imprisonment
87%
13%
Assumed by the men’s partners
Not assumed by the men’s partners
Raising children after WOMEN’S imprisonment
19%
81%
Assumed by the women’s partners
Not assumed by the women’s partners

7. Visits by partners - MEN Visits by partners - WOMEN
3. COMPARATIVE GRAPHS
Women are more abandoned when in prison. Only 18% receive visits from their partners, as opposed to men, among which 69% receive visits from their wives.
Visits by partners - MEN
65%
35%
Visits by partners - WOMEN
18%
82%
Receive visits from their partners
Do not receive
Receiving visits
WOMEN
36%
11%
53%
A significant number of women does not receive visitors: 36%, plus 11% of the women who receive visits less than once a month
Do not ever receive
Receive less than once a month
Receive visits

8. 4. Recent facts - Inauguration of the Sant’Ana Female Penitentiary
The State of São Paulo holds most of the female inmate population of the country, about 80% of the total of imprisoned women
There is a clear unevenness in treatment between men and women in the Brazilian jail system, and it becomes clearer by looking into the public policies directed at each of these segments, be it structurewise, or regarding the allocation of resources to build better environments that attend to the specificities of women
Women always inhabit remodeled buildings that usually maintain their previous physical structure, in total disobedience to the Human Rights and female specificities. These are buildings with structures already deemed inadequate – public facilities previously deactivated or interdicted, often because of security or health issues
State Penitentiary (São Paulo)  was deactivated, “remodeled”, and in December 2005, became the “Sant’Ana Female Penitentiary, but without attending neither to female specificities nor to the social function of resocialization and reeducation

9. 4. Sant’Ana Female Penitentiary
3 Cinema
1 Pavilions
4 4 sports courts and 2 vegetable gardens
5 Penitentiary Administration
Areas 3 and 4
DO NOT EXIST ANYMORE
2 Housing
companies

10. As a premise we should bear in mind that, whether in the Brazilian judicial system or in any of the democratic nations aware of Human Rights, those convicts of liberty-depriving penalties, even under impossibility of appeal, never lose their human condition
legitimating, therefore, in their benefit, the invoking of the due respect to each and every one of their fundamental rights

11. By Luciana Zaffalon Leme Cardoso
IMPRISONED WOMEN IN BRAZIL THE DIFFERENCE IN TREATMENT AND THEIR INVISIBILITY
By Luciana Zaffalon Leme Cardoso