1. Pain management in polycystic kidney disease
Zahid H. Bajwa, Sanjay Gupta, Carol A. Warfield, Theodore I. Steinman 
Kidney International 
Volume 60, Issue 5, Pages (November 2001)
DOI: /j x
Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory enervation supplying the kidney. The solid line (—) represents the sympathetic component. The dotted line (…) reflects the parasympathetic nerve supply. Afferent (sensory) fibers are represented by the dashed line (––) and travel with the autonomic nerves See text for details. (Reproduced with permission from Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins14).
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Pain management in polycystic kidney disease patients should follow a sequential approach, starting with measures that are noninvasive, simple and have relatively few side effects, and then slowly progress towards more complex and invasive measures. The first step is to set expectations that pain may not be “cured,” but there will be adaptations that will allow the patient to adjust to the chronic pain. Combining different modalities may be needed for refractory pain.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions