2. The French and Indian War created TWO problems for Britain
The British were going to have to defend the colonies from hostile Indians west of the Appalachians who had been allies of the French or had been promised land by the British.
The war was extremely expensive, and Great Britain was left with a tremendous national debt

3. Solution #1: The Proclamation of 1763
Said the colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mtns. because they did not want to go to war with the Native Americans. They already had a heavy war debt and could not afford another war.

4. The Georgia colony was less concerned for TWO reasons:
This angered many colonists who had fought in the war to gain new land. Some ignored it and settled new lands anyway.
The Georgia colony was less concerned for TWO reasons:
Most colonists lived along the GA coastline, a major trade route.
Georgia gained new coastal land to settle from Spain and their Native American Allies.

5. Solution #2: The Stamp Act
King George II felt that the war had been fought to protect the Colonies, so the colonists should pay taxes to help pay off the war debt.
The Colonies had no representation in the British Parliament, so they felt they should NOT be taxed.
NO taxation without representation

6. The Stamp Act
In 1765, Britain passed The Stamp Act, a tax that required colonists to buy government stamps for nearly all paper goods (newspapers, licenses, legal documents, books, playing cards, etc.).
THE STAMP ACT CAUSED THE FIRST MAJOR, WIDESPREAD PROTESTS AGAINST BRITISH RULE!!!
Georgia was the only colony to sell stamps due to Governor Wrights influence.

7. Patriots: Violence Breaks Out
Many citizens reacted violently
Speeches against the act
Hanging effigies (dummies) against Parliamentary leaders and royal governors.
Attacking homes of British officials
Tarring and feathering tax collectors
Sons of Liberty – a group (patriots) of many upper and middle class citizens joined to protest the taxes. They were known for printing propaganda and tarring and feathering Tories.
Georgia’s version of this group is known as the Liberty Boys.

8. Georgia’s Response
Some resistance did exist, and several prominent Georgians spoke out against this act on November 6, 1765 with a group affiliated with the Sons of Liberty, the “Liberty Boys.”

9. Boston Massacre
Due to the Stamp Act, American colonists began to rebel.
In 1770, a mob of angry colonists in Boston taunted and threatened to attack a small unit of British soldiers. The soldiers fired into the mob and killed five colonists. This became known as the Boston Massacre.
The first casualty of war was Crispus Attucks.

10. Propaganda
Propaganda was often used to influence/persuade the colonists to choose a side.

11. Example Propaganda- What is the meaning?

12. Tea Act ($) Boston Tea Party
May 1773: East India Tea Company had a surplus of tea. Great Britain sold this tea directly to the colonists at a cheaper price than the local merchants could. This benefitted only England’s economy and hurt the colonies’.
December 1773: Sons of Liberty protested the Tea Act by dumping over 92,000 lbs of tea (thousands of dollars worth) into the Boston Harbor. Disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians.

13. INTOLERABLE ACTS
In response to the Boston Tea Party, the British government issued the Intolerable Acts and refused to repeal them until the tea was paid for.
Boston Port Act- The closed the Boston port
Massachusetts Government Act- The Massachusetts colony could not hold town meetings without permission of the Royal Governor
Impartial Administration Act- Any British official that committed a capital crime was sent back to England to stand trial
Quartering Act- Forced citizens of Massachusetts to house and feed the British soldiers at the citizen’s expense.

14. The First Continental Congress
The intolerable acts caused many to feel sympathy for Massachusetts and lead colonial leaders to unify in the belief that the British parliament was violating their natural and constitutional rights.
12 colonies sent representatives, all except Georgia.
At this meeting members agreed to:
boycott British goods
Give military support to Massachusetts if they were attacked by Great Britain

15. What’s up with Georgia??
The response from Georgia was minimal in regards to the British “acts”
Georgia was one of the youngest colonies and was dependent on Britain for defense from the Indians
Royal Governor James Wright was popular with the colonists and instrumental in slowing down their reactions.
However, those loyal to the Patriot cause, such as, Noble. W Jones and Peter Tondee, began to gather strength in Georgia

16. Second Continental Congress
Fighting between the British and colonists broke out in Battles of Lexington and Concord--The Shot Heard ‘Round the World
Philadelphia 1775:
The colonists, fearing that the British planned on using force to oppress the colonies, agreed to meet again to consider declaring independence!!!
It is here that the delegates draft their Break-up Letter with Great Britain or the Declaration of Independence

17. The Declaration of Independence
Adopted on July 4, 1776 by the 2nd Continental Congress.
Drafted by Thomas Jefferson
In Georgia~
Gov. Wright had been ousted and the colony was under patriot rule.
Three Georgian’s attended the Second Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton

18. Georgia’s Representatives

19. Part One: Preamble: explains the natural rights of people
Describes what one deserves in a in a relationship
the reason for the document
Famous Quote: “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

20. Part Two: Lists all of the grievances against King George including:
Imposing taxes without our consent
Quartering large bodies of troops among us
How THEY messed up

21. Part Three: Actually declares independence from Great Britain.
The Declaration declared that the colonies were free from British rule and were now 13 separate, independent countries!!!
It's over. FREEDOM!

22. School House Rock

23. Button Gwinnett

24. Button Gwinnett
1765 Arrived in Georgia and bought St. Catherine’s Island
1769 became involved in politics, but withdrew in 1773 due to financial problems
Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
He was instrumental in the creation of the Georgia Constitution of 1777.

25. Rivalry Turns Deadly
He became a political rival of Lachlan McIntosh who publically criticized and challenged him to a duel.
The duel took place in May 1777 where both men shot each other.
On May 19, 1777, Gwinnett died of his wounds.
Gwinnett County is named for him.

26. Lyman Hall

27. Lyman Hall Born in Wallingford, Connecticut and graduated from Yale
Became an ordained minister in 1747, but switched to practicing medicine after several controversies.
1760- He moved to Georgia
1775- He was the only Georgia representative in the Second Continental Congress. He participated in debates, but did not vote because he did not represent the whole state
1776- Walton and Gwinnett joined him and they voted for independence and they signed the Declaration.
1783- He was elected Governor
Instrumental in the founding of the University of Georgia.
Hall County was named after him.

28. George Walton

29. George Walton Most politically successful of the three Ga signers
Born in Virginia and moved to Georgia in 1769.
Established himself as one of the most successful lawyers in the colony.
1776- he was appointed as a representative at the Second Continental Congress where he signed the Declaration
Served in the Georgia militia and was eventually captured by the British.
After a prison exchange, he was released and elected as Governor of Georgia, but he was elected to Congress after two months.
After the war, he served as Chief Justice of the Superior Court
1789- served a second term as governor, then U.S. Senator, and finally a superior court judge.
Died February 2, 1804.
Walton County is named in his honor as well as ____________ High School.

30. Fact
The three Georgia representatives were appointed as delegates to attend the Second Continental Congress.
However, only Lyman Hall made it to the full session.

31. War Begins

32. in the AMERICAN REVOLUTION
GEORGIA
in the AMERICAN REVOLUTION

33. SS8H3 – The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution.
Standard (SS8H3b) – The student will analyze the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists, Patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton, the Battle of Kettle Creek, and the Siege of Savannah.

34. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
- Most Georgia Loyalists lived along the coast, in or around Savannah.
They were wealthy and benefited from their trade relationship with England.

35. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
- Most Georgia Patriots lived in Georgia’s frontier backcountry (also called the upcountry). They tended to rely on themselves and did not want to be bothered by the government.
This division of territories and patriots and loyalties created “two” Georgia’s during the war.

36. Fighting Begins in Georgia
- The first major fighting in the South took place in the December 1778 when the British defeated the Patriots at Savannah. Georgia was the only colony to be retaken by the British during the war.
- By January 1779, the British had also captured Augusta, Georgia’s only other major city.

37. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:.
The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
- Sir James Wright was restored as Royal Governor of Georgia and efforts were made to hunt down Georgia colonists who had supported the Whigs.

38. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The fight appeared to be lost for Georgia’s Patriots…
…UNTIL…

39. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The Battle of Kettle
Took place on February 14, 1779
Elijah Clark led the Georgia militia in a surprise attack on British troops camped at Kettle Creek.
They were out numbered, but brought a much needed patriot victory.

40. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The Battle of Kettle Creek Outcomes:
This forced the British to withdraw from Augusta and prevented the British from gaining control of the back country
Raised morale of Georgia patriots and gave them needed supplies.
… but things were soon to take a turn for the worse …

41. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The Siege of Savannah
- October American and French troops attack Savannah in hopes of retaking the city.
- The attack was a failure and very little damage was done to the British military and Savannah stayed in British control until 1782.

42. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The Siege of Savannah
- The attack on Savannah was the second bloodiest battle of the Revolutionary War: 800 allied troops were killed compared to 18 British
- Polish soldier Count Casmir Pulaski was killed at this battle. He was a Polish officer who came to fight with the colonist.
-Both Pulaski County and Fort Pulaski are named in his honor.

43. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The End of the War
After the failed attack on Savannah, the Patriots and Loyalists continued to fight each other.
By 1781, the tide turned against the British, and the Patriots recaptured Augusta.
The following year, 1782, the British were forced to withdraw from Savannah.

44. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The End of the War
- In 1781, General George Washington defeated the largest British Army in America, commanded by Lord Cornwallis, at the Battle of Yorktown.

45. The Revolutionary War in Georgia:
The End of the War
- Great Britain and America signed the Treaty of Paris of 1783, recognizing the independence of the thirteen American States.
Video
* Unfortunately for Georgia, the Treaty of Paris of once again gave Spain possession of Florida.

46. Georgia’s Revolutionary War Heroes:
Georgia had many notable soldiers and statesmen who fought for the cause of Independence
Elijah Clarke
- The hero of the Battle of Kettle Creek
While the Patriots were struggling to keep their hopes alive, Clarke led small groups through the Carolina frontier to attack the British with guerilla tactics.
- In 1781, Clarke returned to Georgia from Carolina and helped the Patriots regain control of Augusta

47. Georgia’s Revolutionary War Heroes:
Austin Dabney
A slave who joined the Whigs
The only black Whig soldier at the Battle of Kettle Creek
Seriously wounded at Kettle Creek, Dabney was cared for by Giles Harris, a white friend
Granted his freedom by the government of Georgia in 1786
Chose to work for Giles Harris’ family for the rest of his life

48. Georgia's Revolutionary War Heroes:
Nancy Hart
A six-foot tall, red head known as the Wauhatchie War Woman
According to legend, served as a Whig spy at Kettle Creek
Killed possibly six invading British soldiers after getting them drunk on wine when they
demanded she cook for them
- Today, Hart County is the only County in Georgia named after a woman
* In 1912, railroad workers who were working near the Hart homestead came across the graves of six skeletons!!!

49. the Revolutionary War in Georgia???
Lesson Two (SS8H3b) – The student will analyze the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War; include Loyalists, Patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton, the Battle of Kettle Creek, and the Siege of Savannah.
What do you remember about…
the Revolutionary War in Georgia???
Whig Commander and hero of Kettle Creek A. Whig
2nd bloodiest battle of the Revolutionary War B. Backcountry G E H
3. The 6 ft. tall, red headed Wauhatchie War Woman
C. Button Gwinnett I
4. Youngest member of the 2nd Continental Congress
D. Tory B
5. Frontier area of Georgia where Whigs mostly lived
E. Savannah F
6. Slave who fought for the Whigs at Kettle Creek
F. Austin Dabney C
7. Declaration signer who was later killed in a duel
G. Elijah Clarke D
8. Colonists who were Loyal to the King of England
H. Nancy Hart A
9. Colonists who supported independence
I. George Walton
SS8H3 – The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution.

50. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS:
Conflict between or within societies produces change. Prior to the Revolutionary War, Georgia enjoyed a wealthy trade partnership with England, as well as the benefits of English friendship with the Native Americans.
What changes in Georgia society do you think will occur as a result of the Revolutionary War?
SS8H2 – The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.