1. Biochemistry Review

2. Unit Target: Use models to explain how the structures of organisms help them to perform life’s functions.

3. Learning Target: Identify the subatomic particles in an atom. (K)
Which letter is pointing to the nucleus of the atom? E What is the charge associated with letter D? negative

4. How many electrons are shown in the diagram
How many electrons are shown in the diagram? 6 Which letter is pointing to an energy level? C

5. When an atom gains or loses an electron it is called a. An ion b
When an atom gains or loses an electron it is called a. An ion b. A polar molecule c. A compound d. A valence electron a. (examples: Na+ Cl- K+ OH-)

6. Learning Target: Explain how subatomic particles interact to form a variety of chemical bonds. (R)
What part of the atom is most involved in bonding? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Energy level c.

7. Is the statement true or false
Is the statement true or false? If it is false, modify the underlined word to make it true.
Atoms bond to fill their inner orbit.
False. Atoms bond to fill their outer orbit.

8. Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?
a. Compound
b. Molecule
c. Chemical bond
d. Valence electron
a. compound

9. Why is bonding important to living things?
Bonding forms the compounds found in living things.
Bonding causes the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules.
Bonding forms atoms
Bonding causes nuclei to join a.

10. Which atom is able to bond with itself and other atoms allowing it to form a tremendous variety of bonds?
Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Sodium
b. Carbon- because it has 4 valence electrons

11. Match the type of bond with its description
Covalent a. The weak attraction
Polar covalent between water
Hydrogen molecules
Ionic b. A bond formed by atoms gaining or losing electrons
c. A bond formed
when electrons are shared
d. An unequal sharing of
electrons

12. Chemical equations can be used to show how chemicals bond or breakdown
Chemical equations can be used to show how chemicals bond or breakdown. In the equation below identify the reactants and products. K + Cl KCl reactants product

13. Learning Target: Describe the structure of water. (K)
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
Do electrons spend more time around the oxygen or hydrogen atom? O

14. Because electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom of a water molecule its charge is a. Slightly negative b. Very negative c. Slightly positive d. Very positive

15. Learning Target: Relate the structure of water to the functions it performs in living things.(R)
What is the most abundant compound found in living things? water

16. Which picture correctly shows water molecules bonding? Why?

17. Which color atom(s) represents oxygen
Which color atom(s) represents oxygen? Black circle Which color atom(s) represent hydrogen? Red circle What charge would you put on the H atoms? +

18. Match each chemical characteristic of water with its description.
Cohesion a. Allows insects to walk
on water
Adhesion
b. Forms drops of water
Capillary Action
c. Keeps bodies of water
Surface Tension from changing quickly
Temperature d. Moves water up plants
moderation
e. forms dew on a leaf

19. Learning Target: Describe the role of organic molecules in the structure and function of living things. (K)
True or False?
Organic molecules all contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.
True
Carbon can bond with many other atoms because it has 4 protons.
False- Valence electrons

20. Organic molecules are
Small
Medium
Large c.

21. Name the 4 organic compounds necessary for living things.
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

22. Learning Target: Relate the structure of carbon the functions it performs in living things. (R)
Carbohydrate a. Contains genetic info
Lipid b. Store energy
Protein c. Building blocks of
Nucleic Acid many structures of the body
d. Source of quick
energy for cells

23. Match each type of organic molecule with an example
Carbohydrate a. Fats, oils and waxes
Protein b. Sugars and starches
Lipid c. DNA and RNA
Nucleic Acid d. Muscle, skin

24. Match the organic molecule with its building block (monomer) Carbohydrates monosaccharides Proteins fatty acids and glycerol Lipids nucleotides Nucleic acids amino acids

25. Learning Target: Interpret a graph to determine how the structure of food is related to its energy content. (S)
Food
Carbs
Protiens
Lipids
Calories
Chicken noodle soup
17g 5g
.5g 90
Apple 0g 65
Which food would supply you with the most energy per serving?
Chicken noodle soup
How do you know?
It contains more calories therefore more energy

26. Which food had the greatest change in temperature
Which food had the greatest change in temperature? Peanut- more energy (heat) was released, high fat content What is the dependant variable? Temperature

27. Learning Target: Describe the structure of enzymes (K)
What type of organic molecule is an enzyme?
Protein
Are enzymes all the same shape?
No- they each have their own unique shape
Can an enzyme catalyze many different reaction or just one?
Just one

28. Learning Target: Relate the structure of enzymes to the functions they perform in living things. (R)  
What is the function of an enzyme? a. To generate heat b. To speed up chemical reactions c. To slow down chemical reactions d. To cool off chemical reactions b- they are called biological catalysts

29. What type of activation energy started this reaction? chemical
H2O H2O + O2
catalase
Name the reactant.
H2O2
Name the products.
H2O and O2
What type of activation energy started this reaction?
chemical
What was the catalyst?

30. True or False? When an enzyme is denatured the shape is altered so it no longer matches the shape of the products.
False substrate

31. 1 is the _________ site.
active
2 is the ________ _________ complex
Enzyme-substrate
A and B are the _______________
products

32. Based on your knowledge of enzymes and indicators explain what happened.
What catalyst is contained in test tube C?
amylase (enzyme)
What did amylase do to the starch?
broke it down into sugar
How can you be sure starch was broken down into sugar?
the indicator (Benedict’s) changed from blue to orange in the presence of sugar.

33. What is the optimum temperature at which this enzyme functions? 35