1. Dictatorships Rise in Europe
Main Idea
In response to political turmoil and economic crises, Italy, Germany and the Soviet Union turned to totalitarian dictators.
Why it Matters Now
These dictators changed the course of history, and the world is still recovering from their abuse of power.

2. Mussolini’s Rise Original Fascism 1919 Black Shirts March on Rome
King Victor Emmanuel III
Appoints him as Prime Minister
Dictator

3. Il Duce Abolished Democracy Outlawed political parties
Jailed opponents
Censored journalism
Outlawed strikes
Controlled the economy

4. Hitler’s Biography Early Life
Born in Austria 1889
Dropped out of high school
Failed as an artist
Volunteered for WWI
Twice awarded the Iron Cross
Medal for bravery 4

5. Hitler Rise of the Nazis
Joined the Nazi Party 1919
National Socialist German Workers Party
Swastika
Brown Shirts
Gained control 1921
Marched on Munich 1923
Revived the Nazi Party 1924 5

6. Nazism
1923
Failed attempt to seize power in Munich (Beer Hall Putsch)
Mein Kampf
Aryan superiority
Treaty of Versailles outrage
Lebensraum
1924 – 1932
Gained power as economy weakened
Nationalism
Anti - Semitism
Anti - Communism
Social - Darwinism

7. Hitler’s Rise to Power 1932 Largest political party 1933
Gained control of the German Weimer Republic
President Paul von Hindenburg names him Chancellor
Despite General Erich Ludendorff’s warning
Reichstag Fire Decree
Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State
Enabling Act
Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich 7

8. Erich Ludendorff Letter to President Hindenburg, February 1, 1933
“By appointing Hitler Chancellor of the Reich, you have handed over our sacred German Fatherland to one of the greatest demagogues of all time. I prophesy to you this evil man will plunge our Reich into the abyss and will inflict immeasurable woe on our nation. Future generations will curse you in your grave for this action.” 8

9. der Fuhrer The Leader Called for new elections
Blamed Communists for Reichstag fire
Stirred up fear
Turned Germany into a totalitarian state
Banned political parties
Arrested opponents
SS (Schutzstaffel)
Gestapo 9

10. Hitler Maintains Power Economy
Banned strikes
Dissolved labor unions
Controlled business and labor
Lowered unemployment
Highways
Weapons
Military 10

11. Stalin’s Soviet Union Stalin’s Agenda Creation of a police state
Create a model Communist state
Industrial restructuring
Surpassed only by the US and Germany
Creation of a police state
Arrested Critics
Jailed prisoners in Siberian labor camps
Great Purge of the 1930’s
Millions Died

12. The Faces of Totalitarianism
How does totalitarianism differ between them?

13. Other Countries Fall to Dictators
Hungary
Poland
Yugoslavia
Albania
Bulgaria
Romania
Czechoslovakia 1935
Only democracy remaining in Eastern Europe

14. Fascism in Argentina Juan Peron President of Argentina
( ) & ( )
Patterned his military dictatorship on European Fascists 14

15. What Governments Survived?
Those with strong democratic traditions
Britain
France
Scandinavian countries
United States 15

17. U.S. Isolationism Post WWI
American public wanted the US out of global affairs
Nye Committee (1934 – 1936)
Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry
Huge profits that arms factories had made during World War I.
Bankers pressured Wilson to intervene in the war to protect loans abroad.
Arms industry price fixed and excessively influenced foreign policy
Good Neighbor Policy (1930s – FDR)
Focus on Latin America
Neutrality Acts (1930s)
Sought to keep US out of war – repealed in 1941