1. WWII: The War at Home

2. Total War By 1942, Canada was committed to a policy of “Total War”.
All industries, materials and people were put to work for the war effort.

3. Government and the Economy
The war launched Canada out of the depression and into an economic boom.
C.D. Howe, minister of munitions and supply, quickly organized Canada’s war economy.
Canada became an industrial power, new factories were built, and old ones adapted for war purposes.
Factories churned out thousands of guns, ships, fighter planes and military vehicles.

4. Canadian Production 1939-1945 Aircraft 16 000 Rifles 900 000
Military Vehicles
Merchant Ships
410
Landing Craft
3 302
Navy Tugs
254
Tanks
6 500
Escort Ships
487
Machine Guns

5. Labour
With so many men enlisting, Canada faced a labour shortage as early as 1941, in war-related industries.
In 1942, the Canadian government passed the National Selective Service Act to mobilize the country’s labour resources for the benefit of the war effort.
One of the main strategies of the program was to recruit women for the work force.

6. “Women, Back Them Up -To Bring Them Back!”
■ At first only single women were recruited, but upon severe labour shortages, both married women and mothers were sought out; the government even funded daycare centres so that women would be free to work. ■ In 1943, there were approximately 225,000 Canadian women working in munitions factories.

7. In the Army Now…
In 1941, for the first time in Canadian history, women were able to enlist in their own divisions of the Army, Navy and Air Force.
Although Canadian women were not allowed into combat during the Second World War, they did just about everything else.
Women served as nurses, stretcher bearers, drivers, machine operators, cooks and secretaries. They also flew Canadian built planes to bases in Britain.
They were paid roughly 60% of what their male counterparts made

8. Enlistment By Women in Canada’s Armed Forces:
Over 43,000 women served overseas in the Canadian Women’s Army Corps, the Royal Women’s Navy Service and the Women’s Division of the Royal Canadian Air Force.
Navy
6 781
Air Force
17 018
Army
21 624
Medical Services
4 518
Doctors 58

9. Wartime Prices and The Trade Board
Prime Minister Mackenzie King was determined to avoid the problems of greed and inflation which had plagued the Canadian political landscape during the first World War
The government set up the Wartime Prices and Trade Board (WPTB) to control prices and supervise the distribution of food and other scarce goods.

10. Rationing: A Little Goes a Long Way!
To ensure there was a large enough supply to meet both military and civilian needs, certain staple goods were rationed.
Rationed Items Included:
Meat, Butter, Tea, Coffee, Gasoline, Tires (rubber), Alcohol, Clothing Fabric and Silk

12. Financing the War
The Canadian Government did raise taxes during the WWII to help pay for the cost of the war.
The Canadian government turned to an old idea: Victory Bond drives.
The government conducted nine Victory Bond drives between June 1941 and October These campaigns raised nearly $12 billion by the end of the war.

13. Training Special Forces
In Dec 1939, an agreement called, British Commonweath Air Training Plan [BCATP] was signed by Canada
Commonwealth countries came to Canada for air crew training at sites across Canada.
No real danger;
Little fog;
Long-distance training
Can get to Britain in 2-weeks

14. Top Secret: Camp X
Operated in Oshawa, Ontario from , was a training camp responsible for training recruits for the Special Operations Executive of the British Security Coordination during World War II.
It was comprised of two sections:
The Special Training School No. 103, which trained allied agents in the techniques of secret warfare, and
Hydra, a network which communicated messages between Canada, United States, and Great Britain.

15. Conscription Crisis: Part II
In 1942, King decided to hold a vote for/against conscription. 80% had answered yes out of the nine provinces but 70% of Quebec said no.

16. Prime Minister Mackenzie King was determined not to bring in conscription during World War II.
King promised that conscription would be Canada's last resort.
Finally in 1944, after he had tried so hard to avoid it, conscription had been introduced.
Very few recruits from this Conscription campaign actually ended up going to fight in World War 2

17. Social Support: Expanding The Social Safety Net
The increased role of government was also visible in the expansion on the social safety net.
In 1940, the government passed the Unemployment Insurance Act. In the face of unemployment, workers could now collect insurance.
In 1944, the government introduced Family Allowance and in 1945 the first “baby bonus” cheques were mailed out.