1. Diseases such as cancer and heart disease are not considered to be infectious diseases because they are
Too serious to be caused by germs
Causes by viruses rather than bacteria
Not passed from one person to another
Unlikely to run in families

2. Which of the following best describes Koch’s postulates?
Procedures that describe how to isolate a pathogen
Hypotheses that suggest germs are communicable
Conditions that prove that a pathogen causes a disease
Techniques that prevent transmission of a pathogen

3. Which of the following could transfer a pathogen that spreads by direct contact only?
Kissing an infected person
Getting bitten by an infected mosquito
Touching an infected door knob
Breathing in an airborne pathogen

4. Mosquitoes infected with the protozoa that cause malaria can infect people with the protozoa through a mosquito bite. These mosquitoes are examples of
Viruses
Pathogens
Parasites
Vectors

5. Which of the following prevents pathogens from entering the body?
Sneezing
Immunity
Antibodies
Skin

6. The white blood cells that engulf pathogens that are inside of the body are
Lymphocytes
Interferons
Phagocytes
T cells

7. Which cells work to destroy body cells infected by a pathogen?
T cells
B cells
Basophils
Phagocytes

8. Antibodies can make it easier for phagocytes to destroy pathogens by causing the pathogens to
Clump together
Produce enzymes
Burst open
Shrivel up

9. The type of immunity that is produced in response to a specific pathogen infecting your body is called
Genetic immunity
Inherited immunity
Active immunity
Passive immunity

10. What is the term for a nonspecific immune response characterized by redness and swelling?
Fever
Tissue rejection
Antigen
Inflammation

11. Cellular immunity and humoral immunity are similar because they both
Depend on interferons
Produce acquired immunity
Cause pathogens to clump
Require activated B cells

12. Antigens are important because they help he immune system
Engulf infected body cells
Cause pathogens to clump
Recognize foreign cells
Produce T cells

13. What function do T cells have in humoral immunity?
They produce antibodies
They activate B cells
They engulf pathogen clumps
They display antigens on their membrane

14. In order to decrease the chances of tissue rejection in the recipient of an organ transplant, the recipient’s protein markers must be
Recognized by the donated tissue
Weakened through the use of drugs
Matched closely to the donor.
Inactivated by the immune system

15. Chemicals that target specific bacteria and fungi inside the body and prevent them from reproducing are called
Toxoids
Vaccines
Antiseptics
Antibiotics

16. Antibiotic resistance can occur when bacteria
Mutate
Grow
Reproduce
Die

17. Which of the following is true of all vaccines?
They prevent viral infections only.
They provide acquired immunity.
They are ineffective against the flu.
They contain live, active viruses.

18. If you are exposed to a pathogen for which you have already been vaccinated, your immune system will
Make new memory cells
Fight the infection right away
Produce no immune response
Release antigens for the pathogen

19. Which is an example of an antiseptic?
Penicillin
Soap
Vaccine
Toxoid

20. Which of the following is true of allergens?
They are present only in peanuts.
They have the same effect on everyone.
They make the immune system overreact.
They cannot cause anaphylaxis.

21. Which of the following do white blood cells release too much of in an allergic reaction?
Eosinophils
Antigens
Histamines
Allergens

22. A severe allergic reaction in which large amounts of histamines are released is called
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Arthritis
Inflammation

23. Which of the following is a characteristic of asthma?
Histamines are inhaled.
Inflammation fights infection.
Plants release spores.
Airways tighten.

24. In an autoimmune disease, immune system cells attack
Pathogens only
Healthy cells
Respiratory allergens
Abnormal growths

25. Leukemia weakens the immune system by causing the bone marrow to produce
Ineffective T cells
Too many red blood cells
Weekend B cells
Defective white blood cells

26. Pathogens that cause an opportunistic infection
Attack both healthy and unhealthy cells
Rarely affect a healthy immune system
Do not cause problems for those with HIV
Produce defective white blood cells

27. In which of the following ways can a person contract HIV?
From sexual intercourse
From donating blood
From a public swimming pool
From a mosquito bite

28. When T cells are infected with HIV, people are vulnerable to opportunistic infections because their T cells
Reproduce too quickly
Cannot activate B cells
Destroy pathogens
Will not mature