1. Communication, control and response
Nervous System
Communication, control and response

2. Nervous System – Overview
Structures
Brain
Spinal Cord
Sensory Nerves
Motor Nerves
Sensory Receptors
Function

3. Nervous System – Levels of Organization
Big
Organ System
Nervous System
Organs
Brain
Spinal Cord
Sensory Receptors
Sensory Nerves
Motor Nerves
Tissue/Cells
Neurons
Small
Molecules
Neurotransmitters

4. Nervous System - Organization
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory Nerves
“in”
Motor Nerves
“out”
Spinal Cord
Brain
Brain Stem
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Somatic
“voluntary”
Autonomic
“involuntary”

5. Nervous System - Pathways
Sensory Receptors
Sensory Nerves
Brain and Spinal Cord
Somatic Nerves
(muscles)
Motor Nerves
Autonomic Nerves
(glands/organs)

6. Brain Structure Regions of the brain Brain stem Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebrum

7. Brain Regions – Brain Stem
Structures
Functions
Midbrain
Medulla
Pons
Controls autonomic functions
respiration
blood pressure
heart rate
Location of cranial nerves

8. Brain Regions – Cerebellum
Structure
Function
Cerebellum
Unconscious movement and coordination

9. Brain Regions – Diencephalon
Structures
Functions
“Limbic system”
Thalamus
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Corpus callosum
Relay center
Emotions
Mood
Memory

10. Brain Regions – Cerebrum
Also called cerebral hemisphere or cerebral cortex
Site of conscious human behavior + thought
Organized by sections/lobes
Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

11. Brain Regions - Cerebrum
Structure
Function
Frontal Lobe – association area
• ‘Executive’ functions – planning + behavioral control
• Emotions + personality
• Speech + language
Frontal lobe – motor area
• Controls movement of voluntary muscles

12. Brain Regions - Cerebrum
Structure
Function
Temporal Lobe
• Hearing
• Smell
• Visual + Auditory Memory
Occipital Lobe
• Vision

13. Brain Regions - Cerebrum
Structure
Function
Parietal Lobe– sensory area
• Sensory input from skin (temp, pressure, touch, pain)
Parietal Lobe– association area
• Sensory elaboration
• Mathematical reasoning

14. Brain Regions and Senses
Brain areas devoted to sensory input
Vestibular = balance
Somatosensory = touch
Olfactory = smell
Gustatory = taste
Auditory = sound
Visual = light

15. Brain Regions – Motor and Sensory Cortex
Motor cortex – controls voluntary muscles

16. Brain Regions – Motor and Sensory Cortex
Somatosensory cortex – receives touch input (heat, cold, pain, light touch + pressure)
Some areas require more brain than others

17. Brain Regions – Motor and Sensory Cortex
Homunculus = ‘little man’ represents the amount of sensory brain devoted to each body part

18. Brain Regions

19. Cerebral Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted into the cerebral ventricles, circulated in brain and spinal cord, absorbed into the bloodstream and disposed of as waste.
Functions: shock absorption and waste transport.

20. Gray and White Matter Gray matter made of nerve cell bodies, dendrites
White matter made of axons (white because of myelin – fatty tissue – covering the axons)