1. Essential Question:
How did America’s role in the world change by 1900?
Warm-Up Question:
What is “foreign policy”?
Why would the U.S. want to annex each of the following territories during the late 1800s? *Alaska *Hawaii *Puerto Rico

2. “A new consciousness seems to have come upon us-the consciousness of strength-and with it a new appetite, the yearning to show our strength… ambition, interest, land hunger, pride, the mere joy of fighting, whatever it may be, we are animated by a new sensation. We are face to face with a strange destiny. The taste of Empire is in the mouth of the people even as the taste of blood in the jungle.” -Washington Post, June 1896

3. America’s Changing Role in the World
From 1790 to 1900, the U.S. expanded its role in world affairs:
Explain what each of the following primary sources reveal about America’s foreign policy at the time of the quote

4. America’s Changing Role in the World
From 1790 to 1900, the U.S. expanded its role in world affairs:
In 1796, George Washington promoted a policy of neutrality & warned against alliances with foreign nations (especially Europe)
“The Great rule of conduct for [the U.S.],
in regard to foreign Nations is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible... 'Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances, with any portion of the foreign world”
—George Washington, Farewell Address (1796)

5. America’s Changing Role in the World
From 1790 to 1900, the U.S. expanded its role in world affairs:
In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted neutrality but proclaimed that the U.S. would protect the western hemisphere from European influence
“The American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. We should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety”
—The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

6. America’s Changing Role in the World
From 1790 to 1900, the U.S. expanded its role in world affairs:
In 1845, the U.S. used treaties & wars to pursue its “Manifest Destiny” & expand to the Pacific Ocean
“The American claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us”
—John O’Sullivan, New York Morning News (1845)

7. America’s Changing Role in the World
From 1790 to 1900, the U.S. expanded its role in world affairs:
By the 1890s, the U.S. gained new overseas colonies & developed a more active foreign policy
“American factories are making more than the American people can use; American soil is producing more than they can consume. Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours.” —Senator Albert Beveridge (1898)

8. Reasons for U.S. Imperialism
In the late 1800s, the United States emerged as an imperialist nation:
Imperialism is the act of strong nations exerting their power over weaker nations, often by gaining new colonies
From 1867 to 1904, the U.S, annexed Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Philippines & built the Panama Canal

9. American Imperialism

10. Reasons for U.S. Imperialism
Americans were motivated by a variety of factors to imperialize:
In 1890, the U.S. census declared that the frontier was closed & there were no new lands in the “west” for Americans to expand into
During the Gilded Age, American industry grew so large that new overseas markets & new sources of raw materials were needed

11. European powers had acquired colonies & many Americans believed that the USA had to imperialize in order to keep up

12. Reasons for U.S. Imperialism
At the urging of Admiral Alfred Mahan, the USA developed a modern navy, allowing the U.S. to compete with other powerful nations
Many believed that Social Darwinism gave Americans a duty to “civilize” the “inferior races” of the world by introducing medicine, technology, Christianity, & democracy

13. The White Man’s Burden Civilization Vice Ignorance Barbarism
Superstition
Oppression

14. ..\Political Cartoons

15. Essential Question:
How did America’s role in the world change by 1900?
Warm-Up Question:
Why did the USA annex Hawaii?
What was the Open Door Policy?

16. Examples of U.S. Imperialism
Complete the notes for each of the following examples of American imperialism
After each section of the notes, write a newspaper headline that accurately & succinctly defines America’s actions in this nation or region of the world

17. U.S. Imperialism: HAWAII
From 1820 to 1890, Americans moved to Hawaii as missionaries & fruit plantation owners
In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani came to power & tried to reduce the power of Americans living in Hawaii
Americans overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 & Hawaii was annexed by the USA in 1898

18. U.S. Imperialism: CHINA
By the 1890s, European imperial powers carved China into spheres of influence, giving them exclusive trade rights in Chinese ports
In 1899, the USA declared an Open Door Policy in China to allow free trade by any nation in any port

19. U.S. Imperialism: CUBA
In 1895, Cubans declared their independence from Spain; To put down the revolution, Spain used brutal tactics (like starvation)
U.S. newspapers sensationalized the events in Cuba (known as “yellow journalism”)
In 1898, the U.S. sent the USS Maine to Cuba to protect American interests there; After the ship mysteriously exploded, Americans declared war on Spain

20. Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders
The Spanish-American War was fought to free Cuba & the Philippines from Spanish control; The U.S. won after only 113 days of fighting
Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders

21. As a result of the Spanish-American War, Cuba was liberated & the USA annexed the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico

22. U.S. Imperialism: PHILIPPINES
When the Philippines were annexed by the USA & not granted independence after the Spanish-American War, the Filipino-American War began in 1899
The Filipino-American War lasted 3 years & cost more money & American lives than the Spanish-American War

23. Big Stick Diplomacy & the Roosevelt Corollary
TR added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, giving the United States “police powers” to protect Latin America from European imperialism
When Theodore Roosevelt became president, he used “Big Stick Diplomacy”: Develop an active U.S. foreign policy with a strong navy to accomplish goals
“Speak softly & carry a big stick, you will go far”
—TR’s favorite proverb

24. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904

26. U.S. Imperialism: PANAMA CANAL
One of Roosevelt’s top objectives was to build a canal in Panama to help U.S. naval & commercial ships
After the gov’t of Colombia rejected the U.S. offer to build a canal in Panama, TR encouraged Panama to break from Colombia

27. In 1914, the Panama Canal was finished & under U.S. control
In 1903, the new gov’t of Panama agreed to allow the U.S. to build the canal
In 1914, the Panama Canal was finished & under U.S. control

29. How the Panama Canal Works

30. The Debate over American Imperialism
Not all Americans supported imperialism:
The Anti-Imperialist League formed in 1899 to fight U.S. annexation of the Philippines
Many argued that the U.S. had no right to force American culture upon others

31. The U.S. Becomes a World Power
By the 20th century, the USA was a world power:
Built the world’s 3rd largest navy
Annexed Hawaii, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, many Pacific islands
Asserted itself in Latin America (Spanish-American War, Panama Canal, & Roosevelt Corollary
Influenced Asia (Open Door Policy)

32. Yellow Journalism Examples.pdf

33. American Imperialism PICTIONARY
Each team will be assigned 1of the following topics on U.S. foreign policy & will create an illustration that represents their topic
When finished, each class group will try to guess what topic the group was assigned
Reasons for U.S. Imperialism
Social Darwinism
U.S. annexed Hawaii
Causes of the Spanish-American War
Open Door Policy in China
Causes of Filipino War
Effects of the Spanish-American War
“Big Stick Diplomacy”
Built the Panama Canal
Anti-Imperialist League
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Yellow Journalism

34. Reasons for U.S. Imperialism
Social Darwinism
U.S. annexed Hawaii
Causes of the Spanish-American War
Open Door Policy in China
Causes of Filipino War
Effects of the Spanish-American War
“Big Stick Diplomacy”
Built the Panama Canal
Anti-Imperialist League
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Yellow Journalism
Reasons for U.S. Imperialism
Social Darwinism
U.S. annexed Hawaii
Causes of the Spanish-American War
Open Door Policy in China
Causes of Filipino War
Effects of the Spanish-American War
“Big Stick Diplomacy”
Built the Panama Canal
Anti-Imperialist League
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Yellow Journalism

35. Closure Activity Copy the following spectrum chart
There are 2 axis: political control & economic control
For each example of U.S. foreign policy, write the name of the place (i.e. Hawaii) on the spectrum where appropriate
No political control of the nation or region
No economic control of the nation or region
Total economic control of the nation or region
Total political control of the nation or region

36. US Imperialism Picture
Draw a picture that illustrates American Imperialism.
Come up with a one sentence caption that describes your picture.
Be creative
Use Color
Be sure to use the entire page