1. US Cancer Moonshot Program
Zhiyong Li, MD, PhD.
May 2017

2. President Richard Nixon unveiled a “War on Cancer” in 1971.
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

3. Congressional Bills for Cancer Research
1. The National Cancer Act - Enacted December 23, 1971
2. National Cancer Amendments - Enacted July 23, 1974
3. Biomedical Research and Research Training Amendments - Enacted November 9, 1978
4. Health Research Extension Act - Enacted November 20, 1985
5. Health Omnibus Program Extension - Enacted November 4, 1988
6. National Institutes of Health Reform – Enacted January 15, 2007
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

4. Resource spent for cancer research & treatment
1. NCI has spent some $90 billion
2. Some 260 nonprofit organizations in US have dedicated themselves to cancer (more than the number established for heart disease, AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke combined).
3. These 260 organizations spent > $2.2 billion annually
4. The United States has spent > a trillion dollars for war on cancer
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

5. Progress in cancer medicine
1. Cancer is hundreds of diseases related to gene mutations.
2. Biomedical research has made it possible to cure some of them,
3. over the past quarter century, U.S. cancer mortality rates have decreased by 23%,
4. An estimated 1.7 million lives have been saved and immeasurable suffering have been prevented .
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

6. More progress urgently needed
Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the United States
600,000 Americans died from cancer in 2016
About 1600 people every day.
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

7. What is US Cancer Moonshot Program?
October 2015, Vice President Biden gave a speech in the Rose Garden, promising a "moonshot" to cure cancer. The speech itself was triggered by the death of Biden's son to cancer.
January 2016, President Obama announced “National Cancer Moonshot 2020”. Vice president Joe Biden will lead the this national effort.
February 2017, the organization announced on its Facebook page that it was changing the name to “Cancer Breakthroughs 2020”
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

8. What is US Cancer Moonshot Program?
It is a coalition in the United States with the goal of finding vaccine-based immunotherapies against cancer. 
It includes following:
1. Validation of Big Science
2. Access to novel agents and approved drugs
3. FDA Regulation
4. Care coordination and real-time monitoring of safety and outcomes
5. Ability to measure outcomes and cost in real time 
6. Network Infrastructure
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

9. What is US Cancer Moonshot Program?
Accelerate cancer research:
Make more therapies available to more patients,
Improving our ability to prevent cancer
Improving our ability to detect it at an early stage.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.

10. Milestone for US Cancer Moonshot Program
January 12, 2016
A Moonshot to Cure Cancer: a story by Vice President Joe Biden describing the Cancer Moonshot, a combined effort by governments, private industry, researchers, physicians, patients, and philanthropies to support research and enable progress
January 28, 2016
White House Cancer Moonshot Task Force established
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.

11. Congressional Bill for US Cancer Moonshot Program
December 2016
Congress passed the 21st Century Cures Act, authorized $1.8 billion in funding for the Cancer Moonshot over 7 years.
Congress also change the name to the “Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot”, in honor of Vice President Joe Biden’s son, who died of brain cancer in 2015
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.

12. Funding for US Cancer Moonshot Program
February 1, 2016: White House announced a $1 billion investment to jumpstart for researchers to accelerate cancer research and cutting-edge research opportunities
February 10, 2016: President Obama’s FY 2017 Budget Request, which includes $680 million to support the Cancer Moonshot
December 7, 2016: 21st Century Cures bill was approved by the Senate, with 10-year funding bill of $6.3 billion for research, including $1.8 billion in funding for the Cancer Moonshot over 7 years.
Example objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Save files to the team Web server.
Move files to different locations on the team Web server.
Share files on the team Web server.

13. Right time for a renewed surge against cancer
A dramatic shift in our fundamental understanding of cancer - disease of the genome
Data from the Human Genome Project and the Cancer Genome Atlas
A driver mutations are present in a particular tumor
These lead the design and use of a new generation of drugs targeting those gene mutations /pathways
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

14. Right time for a renewed surge against cancer
immunotherapies spur the immune system to attack cancer cells have begun to achieve dramatic successes.
These include checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

15. Right time for a renewed surge against cancer
Powerful new bioinformatics tools and methods enable assembly, management, and analysis of very large sets of complex molecular and clinical data, or “big data,”
These are necessary for generating predictive models of cancer progression and therapeutic response
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

16. FDA Approved cancer drugs in 2015
2/3/2015 Ibrance (palbociclib) breast cancer
2/13/2015 Lenvima (lenvatinib) thyroid  cancer
2/23/2015 Farydak (panobinostat) multiple myeloma
3/10/2015 Unituxin (dinutuximab) neuroblastoma
7/24/2015 Odomzo (sonidegib) basal cell carcinoma
9/2/2015 Varubi (rolapitant)  nausea / vomiting
9/22/2015 Lonsurf (trifluridine/tipiracil) colorectal cancer 
10/16/2015 Praxbind (idarucizumab) antidote for Pradaxa
10/23/2015 Yondelis (trabectedin) soft tissue sarcomas
11/10/2015 Cotellic (cobimetinib) melanoma
11/13/2015 Tagrisso (osimertinib) lung cancer
11/16/2015 Darzalex (daratumumab) multiple myeloma
11/24/2015 Portrazza (necitumumab) lung cancer
11/30/2015 Empliciti (elotuzumab) multiple myeloma
12/11/2015 Alecensa (alectinib) lung cancer
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

17. FDA Approved cancer drugs in 2016
1/19/2016 Arzerra (ofatumumab)  CLL
2/19/2016 Ibrance (palbociclib) Breast Cancer
4/11/2016 Venclexta (venetoclax) CLL
4/25/ Cabometyx (cabozantinib) Renal cell cancer
5/17/2016 Opdivo (nivolumab) Hodgkin lymphoma
5/18/2016 Tecentriq (atezolizumab) bladder cancer
8/5/2016 Keytruda (Pembrolizumab) H&N cancer
9/13/2016 Opdivo (nivolumab) Renal cell cancer
10/18/2016 Tecentriq (atezolizumab) NSCLC
10/19/2016 Lartruvo (olaratumab) soft tissue sarcoma
10/24/2016 Keytruda (Pembrolizumab) 1st-line Rx of lung ca
12/19/2016 Rubraca (rucaparib) ovarian cancer
Lesson descriptions should be brief.

18. FDA Approved cancer drugs in 2017
2/2/2017 Opdivo ( nivolumab ) urothelial cancer
3/13/2017 Kisqali (ribociclib) Breast cancer
3/23/2017 Bavencio (avelumab) Merkel cell carcinoma
3/27/2017 Zejula (niraparib) Ovarian cancer
4/27/2017 Stivarga (regorafenib) Liver cancer
4/28/2017 Rydapt (midostaurin) AML / FLT3 mutation
4/28/2017 Alunbrig (brigatinib) Lung cancer / ALK +
5/1/2017 Imfinzi (durvalumab) Bladder cancer
5/10/2017 Keytruda (Pembrolizumab) Lung Ca – 1st line
5/23/2017 Keytruda (Pembrolizumab) Ca with MSI-H or dMMR
Lesson descriptions should be brief.