1. Neighborhoods

2. Illustrates the difference between strict city proper definitions and broader urban agglomerations.
To define urbanized areas, the U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated MSA (CMSA) if two of them overlap. 2

3. Megalopolis & Conurbations
Megalopolis – large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world (like Boston to Washington, DC)
Conurbation – a continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities (like Raleigh to Atlanta)
BosNYWash

7. Agglomeration – the spatial group of people or activities for mutual benefit (business park at highway access point)

8. City Hierarchies
Map of city specialties

9. City Hierarchies
Map classification of tier of US cities

10. City Hierarchies
Map classification of tier of world cities

11. Moving in and out of cities
Urbanization – transformation of a population from rural to urban status; the process of city formation and expansion
Counterurbanization- the net loss of population from cities to smaller towns and rural areas

13. Moving in and out of cities
Reurbanization – the growth of population in metropolitan central cores, following a period of absolute or relative decline in population
Gentrification – invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhood by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences

14. Redlining – lenders identified risky neighborhoods in cities, refuse to offer loans to those in the districts
Blockbusting – realtors would sell a house in the neighborhood to a minority, then encourage the white owners to sell, produced white flight
Racial steering – realtors directing clients to buy homes in neighborhoods of like ethnicity

15. McMansions – supersized and all alike
Gated communities

16. The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for
Resident of the city itself
Areas outside the city
The poorest people in the city
Basic needs, such as housing and food
People and businesses in the CBD only

17. The Economic Base
Inside – producing goods & services for those inside the city
This one circulates money but is revenue neutral
Outside – producing goods & services to export
This one brings money into the city

18. The Economic Base
Basic Sector – the combined export economic activities
Service (nonbasic) Sector – recirculation activities
Crucial to continual operation of the city
Professional Offices
City Government
Local Transit Systems
Schools
Basic/Nonbasic Ratios – similar for urban units of similar size
As settlement inc., the number of nonbasic personel grows faster than the number of basic. With a pop. of 1 mil. – 2 non/1 basic
The multiplier works both ways – growth & decline
The size of the multiplier effect is determined by the community’s basic/nonbasic ration

20. The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for
Resident of the city itself
Areas outside the city
The poorest people in the city
Basic needs, such as housing and food
People and businesses in the CBD only

21. The basic sector activities of a city’s economy include production of goods and services for
Resident of the city itself
Areas outside the city
The poorest people in the city
Basic needs, such as housing and food
People and businesses in the CBD only

22. Controls Market Nonmarket Functional Zonation Building Codes
Health regulations
Zoning
Sometimes exclusionary
Asia – no zoning
Functional Zonation