1. Propulsion and Launch Vehicles

2. Warm-Up Questions CPS Questions (1-2)
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

3. Lesson Overview The evolution of rocket technology
The types of launch vehicles
The factors and features of a rocket launch
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

4. (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)
Quick Write
What kind of internship would interest you, either in the science field or out of it? How would you go about applying for that internship?
(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

5. The Evolution of Rocket Technology
Chinese were instrumental in developing rockets
Mongols began work on their own rockets
Introduced Europeans to rockets
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA

6. The Early Rocket Scientists
Willem Gravesande propelled model cars with jets of steam
After the British succumbed
to Indian rocket attacks
William Congreve began
designing rockets
William Hale’s spin stabilizer improved accuracy
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
©Science Photo Library

7. Contributions of Tsiolkovsky, Goddard, and Oberth
Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky – earned title “father of astronauts” for his contributions to rocketry
Robert Goddard built the first
liquid propellant rocket in 1926
Hermann Oberth of Germany
wrote a book that delved into
the math of spaceflight as well as rocket designs and space stations
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA

8. The R-7 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)
Intercontinental ballistic missile (or ICBM) - a missile designed to
deliver a payload to
another spot on Earth
several thousand miles
away
R-7 is a base rocket
Consisted of a core rocket surrounded by four boosters each shaped like a tapered cylinder
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of Scott Andrews/NASA

9. Voskhod, Soyuz, Tsiklon, and Proton: Russian Launch Vehicles
Starting in 1963 the Voskhod sent reconnaissance satellites into space
Soyuz rockets lifted off with satellite payloads on a somewhat revised version of the R-7 plus Block 1 mix
The Soviets started
using Tsiklon-3 to
send weather and military satellites into orbit
Russia’s largest launch vehicle in use today is Proton
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
©RIA Novosti/Alamy Images

10. Delta, Titan, and Atlas: US Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELVs)
NASA engineers purchased Thor medium-range ballistic missiles, added their own modified second stage, and called this new package Delta
Titan was the country’s first two-stage ICBM, and first successfully test-launched in 1959
Atlas is still used today for a variety of other military, space, and commercial missions
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
© Jim West/age fotostock

11. Saturn V: Launch Vehicle for the Apollo Program
Largest and most powerful of all rockets ever launched had a first stage that alone weighed more than a space shuttle
It had three stages in all
Each of its first two stages contained five engines
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA Stennis Space Center

12. The Space Transportation System (STS)
STS launched Galileo, Magellan, and Ulysses
Has taken spacecraft to orbit, performed satellite rescues, and assembled and serviced the ISS
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

13. The Space Transportation System (STS), cont.
Plans to replace the shuttles with the Ares I launch vehicle for human spaceflight and the Ares V for cargo launches
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA

14. Launch Sites
Spacecraft launched close to the equator calls for less propellant and can launch a larger vehicle
Interplanetary launches take advantage not only of Earth’s rotation, but also of its orbital
motion around the Sun
Must also have a clear path downrange so the launch vehicle will not fly over populated areas, in case of accidents
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA Jack Pfaller

15. The Launch Window
Launch window - the specific timeframe during which a launch can take place
May also be constrained to a number of hours each day to take best advantage of Earth’s rotational motion
Times must consider how long the spacecraft needs to remain in low-Earth orbit before its upper stage places it on the desired trajectory toward a target planet
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

16. Preparations for a Launch
ATLO stands for assembly, test, and launch operations
Clean room - a
workspace with a
constant temperature
and humidity and low levels of contaminants such as dust
Once complete, NASA moves the spacecraft to the launch site
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA

17. The Process of Launch Vehicle Integration
Payload shroud, also called a payload fairing, is the thin metal cover, or nose
cone, that protects a spacecraft
and upper stages during a launch
when aerodynamic forces can
batter the rocket
Launch vehicle adapter - a physical structure used to connect a spacecraft to a launch vehicle
Countdown helps everyone orchestrate the many operations needed to get everything ready
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA

18. Learning Check CPS Questions (3-4)
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

19. Activity 1: Password
Help your team earn points by guessing the correct term from the lesson while playing “Password”
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

20. Activity 2: Rocket Teach Backs
Work with your group to create a presentation on your assigned topic. Score the other groups in areas of Accuracy, Creativity, and Presentation. Then answer the questions regarding the group’s presentation
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

21. Activity 3: Launch Preparedness
Write a brief paragraph about each of the steps to prepare a rocket to launch into space. Use your own words and write in complete sentences. Then answer the analysis questions.
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

22. Technology Enrichment: Ares I: Should It Stay or Should It Go?
The Ares I launch vehicle has created some controversy in scientific circles. Find out both sides of the debate and form your own opinions. Be prepared to share your thoughts and ideas.
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

23. Review
The technology and purposes for rockets have evolved since the Chinese first used fireworks in the thirteenth century
Willem Gravesande propelled model cars with jets of steam
After the British succumbed to Indian rocket attacks in battles in 1792 and 1799, an English colonel named William Congreve began designing rockets
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

24. Review, cont.
William Hale, an Englishman invented a stickless rocket that revolutionized battle
Tsiolkovsky suggested using rockets to travel to space
American Robert Goddard built the first liquid propellant rocket in 1926
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

25. Review, cont.
The Space Transportation System is a reusable launching system which relies on a combination of liquid and solid propellants.
Saturn V is the largest and most powerful of all rockets ever launched
Launching a rocket into space is a very detailed and calculated process that involves many steps and many individuals
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

26. Review Questions CPS Questions (5-6)
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

27. Summary The evolution of rocket technology
The types of launch vehicles
The factors and features of a rocket launch
Chapter 11, Lesson 2

28. Next… Done – Propulsion and Launch Vehicles
Next – Developing Robots for Space
Chapter 11, Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA