1. Settlements of people spread throughout Africa
Colonialism in Africa
Settlements of people spread throughout Africa

2. Colonialism
Muslim traders crossed the Sahara Desert as early as 1000 C.E.
Traded salt for gold and slaves
Instill the Islamic faith around the Sahara and Sahel
Europeans started moving into the region during the 1400s

3. Reasons for Colonization
Spread God
Most people in Sub-Saharan Africa practiced animism
Worship in animals and environmental features
Gain Gold
Lots of resources available, not just gold
Get Glory
Surge of nationalism- nations wanted to prove they were the best!

4. Rise of the Slave Trade
With Age of Exploration ( ), Europeans started looking for laborers to take to ‘New World’ with them
Different tribes would sell members of other tribes to the Europeans for very small prices
Introduction of guns

5. Age of Imperialism
European nations started fighting to gain as much territory as possible.
1700-early 1900s
Reasons for Colonizing
Economy- resources
Military- bases for navy
Humanitarian- help under-developed culture; spread religion
Racial superiority to the indigenous people of Africa

6. Imperial Africa

7. Age of Imperialism
European nations had a desire to not only colonize Africa, but also make it part of their global empires.
This means:
Replacing local government with their own
Controlling all land and trade
Substituting their culture in place of local culture

8. Age of Imperialism European Countries and their World Possessions% % %

9. Pre-Imperial (1870) Africa Looked Like This

10. The Berlin Conference 1884-85
15 European nations met to ‘partition Africa’ or divide Africa
No indigenous people were present
US there as an organizer/peacekeeper
Rights & traditions of African kingdoms & peoples were ignored
An effort to prevent fights between Europe

11. Berlin Conference Activity
Portugal
Great Britain
France
Germany
Spain
Italy
Holland
Belgium

12. Berlin Conference Activity
Get with your country group. Use the atlas to figure out what parts of Africa your country is interested in, based off the information card.
Then based on the letter you got, organize with the other countries represented at the Berlin Conference.
On the map provided, color your section of Africa, the entire continent must be covered.
Create a key telling which country is which color!
You may not share an area with another country- your pride for your nation won’t allow that!

13. 1914 Africa Looked Like This

14. Life in Imperial Africa

15. Age of Imperialism
European nations took complete control over nations in Sub-Saharan Africa
Change occurred in all facets of life
Government
Religion
Economy
Technology
Some changes were positive, some not

16. Life in Africa under Imperial Control
Ethnic tension
Between Europeans and indigenous tribes
Between tribes grouped together by borders

17. Life in Africa under Imperial Control
New Technology
Modes of transportation
Industries
Stronger cloth
Mines
Weapons

18. Life in Africa under Imperial Control
Exploitation of Indigenous People
‘Cheap labor’
Illegal sales of goods/people

19. Life in Africa under Imperial Control
New Institutions
Access to Westernized schools
Hospitals with vaccines and new medical procedures
Courts to determine laws/crimes

20. Life in Africa under Imperial Control
Removal of Resources
Land drained of natural resources
Gold
Diamonds
Minerals
Lumber
Massive exports

21. Life in Africa under Imperial Control
Access to New Religious Beliefs
Spread of Islam in the North
Spread of Christianity in Sub-Saharan

22. Where in the World Wednesday?
Big Hole Diamond Mine
Kimberley, South Africa
Dutch
1800s
To mine for diamonds

23. Learning Task Use the DBQ documents to answer the provided questions.
Start thinking about whether the documents support imperialism being negative or positive.
Consider making notes next to your document analysis as to whether they are more +/-

24. Document 1
“When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land. They said ‘Let us pray.’ We closed our eyes. When we opened them, we had the Bible and they had the land.”
-Bishop Desmond Tutu, 1984
Document 2

25. Document 3
Document 4

26. Document 5
Document 6

27. Document 7 The White Man’s Burden By Rudyard Kipling Written in 1899
Take up the White Man's burden--
The silent, sullen peoples
Send forth the best ye breed--
Shall weigh your gods and you.
Go bind your sons to exile
No tawdry rule of kings,
To serve your captives' need;
But toil of serf and sweeper--
To wait in heavy harness,
The tale of common things.
Have done with childish days--
On fluttered folk and wild--
The ports ye shall not enter,
The lightly proferred laurel,
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
The roads ye shall not tread,
The easy, ungrudged praise.
Half-devil and half-child.
Go mark them with your living,
Comes now, to search your manhood
And mark them with your dead.
Through all the thankless years
In patience to abide,
Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,
To veil the threat of terror
And reap his old reward:
And check the show of pride;
The blame of those ye better,
The judgment of your peers!
By open speech and simple,
The hate of those ye guard--
An hundred times made plain
The cry of hosts ye humour
To seek another's profit,
(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--
And work another's gain.
"Why brought he us from bondage,
Our loved Egyptian night?”
The savage wars of peace--
Fill full the mouth of Famine
And bid the sickness cease;
Ye dare not stoop to less--
And when your goal is nearest
Nor call too loud on Freedom
The end for others sought,
To cloke your weariness;
Watch sloth and heathen Folly
By all ye cry or whisper,
Bring all your hopes to nought.
By all ye leave or do,

28. Document 8
The White Man killed my father, My father was proud. The White Man seduced my mother, My mother was beautiful. The White Man burnt my brother beneath the noonday sun, My brother was strong. His hands red with black blood The White Man turned to me; And in the Conqueror’s voice said, "Boy! a chair, a napkin, a drink.
An Anthology of West African Verse, David Diop, 1957
This German cartoon, published in the early 20th century, is entitled "Thus colonize the English."
Document 9

29. "Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . .
The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy.
Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . .”
Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962
Document 10

30. Decolonization
When WWI and WWII started the Europeans had to focus more on their own nations, and less on their colonies.
Decolonization of Africa occurred during the mid- to late- 1900s.

31. Fun Friday Listen to ‘War’ by Bob Marley (with headphones).
Answer these questions on your bell-ringer paper.
Write a line from the song that shows ideas of imperialism
What is the general message of this song?
Then, use the computers to finish the Web-quest you were assigned yesterday. Turn it in to the silver bin when done.
Any spare time? Work on unit questions.

32. Wrap Up Positive or Negative? Long Term Effects:
Many indigenous tribes ‘walked the walk’ without fully buying in
By mid 20th Century Europeans became so focused on themselves that they ignored Africa
Independence Movements began in 1940s-1980s to separate from the ‘White Man’