1. Ethnicity Notes

2. Centripetal Forces
Centripetal forces unify a state – they provide stability, strengthen, bind together, create solidarity.
Language
Religion
Nationalism
Ethnicity
Race

3. Centripetal Forces - unify a state – they provide stability, strengthen, bind together, create solidarity
Expressions of national pride/ symbols (generalized anthem, sports teams, flag)
How do expressions of national pride unify a country?
A national sports team can unite a country by everyone rooting for their team. Customs as standing for the national anthem, saluting the flag, saying the pledge all unite a people.
Haka in New Zealand
Cricket in India

4. Transportation / Communications infrastructure.
Centripetal Forces - unify a state – they provide stability, strengthen, bind together, create solidarity
Transportation / Communications infrastructure.
How do transportation and communication networks unify a country??
They allow ties with the core / government. People can stay connected and get access to goods and services. The government can offer services and assistance to far away and hard to reach areas.
India’s rail network
Germany’s autobahn
US phone system 1960

5. Centrifugal Forces
Centrifugal forces divide a state lead to balkanization / devolution, disrupt internal order, destabilize and weaken.
Language
Religion
Ethnicity
Race
Federal vs. Unitary Government

8. Balkanization
The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.
Yugoslavia
Czechoslovakia
Sudan
“If peace comes to the Balkans, it will be because ethnic cleansing “worked” tragically.”

10. ‘

11. Self-Determination and Sovereignty
The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government; the process by which a person controls their own life
Sovereignty
Supreme power or authority; the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
Ethnicities will contain the ideas of self-determination which can lead to the realization of sovereignty (although sometimes at the price of balkanization).