1. Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs
Ginger

2. DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCTION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : M.Vasu Babu
Designation : Lecturer in pharmacy
Branch : Pharmacy
Institute : GPW ,Guntur
Year : I D.Pharm.
Subject : Pharmacognosy
Subject Code : Ph -103
Topic : Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs
Duration : 50 minutes
Sub topic : Ginger (7/8)
Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs 2

3. Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs
Ginger 3

4. On completion of this period you would be able to understand :
Objectives
On completion of this period you would be able to understand :
Biological source
Microscopical characters.
Chemical Constituents & Uses of Ginger 4

5. Identify this photograph
Known to unknown
Identify this photograph
A : Ginger / allamu
How did you identify ?
A: We are familiar with /
we saw this earlier/We
use this in our house.
FIG 89. 1 5

6. Q. Are you sure that this is genuine Ginger ?
Ans: Yes
Q. How do you confirm ?
Ans: As they appear in that form.
Q. Is there any method of identity for genuinity of crude drugs ?
Ans: Morphological features / Histological features

7. Biological source
FIG 89. 2
Consists of dried/fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale
Family : Zingiberaceae 7

8. Fig 89.3
T.S of Ginger rhizome 8

9. Microscopy T.S of Ginger shows Cork 1) Outer cork 2) Inner cork Cortex
Fig 89. 4
T.S of Ginger shows
Cork
1) Outer cork
2) Inner cork
Cortex
3) Oleo-resin cells
4) Starch grains of cortex
5) Fibro vascular bundles
6) Xylem vessels
7) Fibres 9

10. T.S of Ginger Endodermis Ground tissue 8. Vascular bundles
Fig 89. 5
Endodermis
Ground tissue
8. Vascular bundles
9. Starch of ground tissue 10

11. Cork 1) Outer cork : Few layers Dark brown Irregularly arranged
parenchymatous cells
Fig 89.6 11

12. 1.Cork (contd) 2) Inner cork: Few layers Colourless parenchymatous
cells
Radially arranged in regular
rows
Fig 89. 7 12

13. Cortex Isodiametric Thin walled parenchymatous cells
Scattered vascular strands present
Numerous idioblasts – 40 to 80 µ in diameter
Fig 89. 8 13

14. Cortex (contd) 3)Oleoresin cells:
Yellowish to reddish brown oleoresin .
Fig 89.9 14

15. 4) Starch grains of cortex:
Cortex (contd)
4) Starch grains of cortex:
Sac shaped with terminal beak like projection
Ecocentric hilum present.
Fig 89.10 15

16. 5) Fibro vascular bundles:
Cortex (contd)
5) Fibro vascular bundles:
Collateral
Conjoint & closed
A group of Sclerenchymatous fibres partially covers Vascular bundles of Cortex & Ground tissue region
Fig 16

17. Tracheids with annular, spiral or reticulate thickening
Cortex (contd)
6) Xylem vessels:
Tracheids with annular, spiral or reticulate thickening
No reaction for lignin
Fig 89.12 17

18. Cortex (contd)
7) Fibres:
Unlignified
Pitted
Septate.
Fig 89.13 18

19. Large parenchymatous cells
Ground tissue
Large parenchymatous cells
Abundant starch
Oleo-resin cells
Vascular bundles
Fig 89.14 19

20. Ring of vascular bundles below endodermis Narrow zone
Ground tissue (contd)
8) Vascular bundles
Ring of vascular bundles below
endodermis
Narrow zone
Not covered with sclerenchymatous
fibres
Fig 89.15 20

21. 9) Starch grains of ground tissue
Ground tissue (contd)
9) Starch grains of ground tissue
Flattened
Rectangular ovate grains with Hilum
5 to 15 to 3o µ long
25 µ wide
7 µ thick
Marked by transverse striations
Fig89.16 21

22. Chemical constituents
Volatile oil (0.6 to 3%)
1.Terpenes
2. Cineole
3. Citral
4. Borneol
Pungent principles: Gingerol, Shogaol, Zingerone
Resinous matter (5 to 8 %)
Starch & Mucilage 22

23. Uses
Carminative
Stimulant
Flavoring agent 23

24. Summary
Anatomical study of ginger
Chemical constituents
Uses

25. QUIZ Q1. Ginger is volatile oil containing rhizome crude drug.
Ans: Yes
(or) No
Q2. Where will be fibrovascular bundles are present in ginger.
a) In cork
b) In cortex
c) In ground tissue
d) None of the above
Q3. Where will be the oleo resin cells present in ginger.
a) In cortex
b) In ground tissue
c) Both
d) None

26. Frequently asked questions
1.Write the monograph of Ginger
2.Explain the histological study of Ginger.
3.Write the anatomical characters of Ginger.
4.Write the Biological Source, Family, Morphology of Ginger. 26