1. Kingdom Plantae 12 Phyla (formerly called Divisions) > 270,000 spp
<1 mm width to > 100 m (328 ft) height
live several weeks to ~ 5K years

2. Plant Characteristics
eukaryotic
Multicellular
Cell walls made of cellulose
Develop from multicellular embryos
Carry out photosynthesis using green pigments
chlorophyll a & chlorophyll b

3. Plant Classification Non-Vascular Plants Vascular Plants Seedless
Ph. Bryophyta (Mosses)
Ph. Hepatophyta (liverworts)
Ph. Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
Vascular Plants
Ph. Psilophyta (whisk ferns)
Ph. Lycophyta (club mosses)
Ph. Sphenophyta (horsetails)
Ph. Pteridophyta (ferns)
Ph. Cycadophyta (cycads)
Ph. Ginkgophyta (ginkgoes)
Ph. Coniferophyta (conifers)
Ph. Gnetophyta (gnetophytes)
Ph. Anthophyta (flowering plants)
Seedless
no true vascular tissue
no true roots, stems, or leaves
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
True vascular tissue
True roots, stems, or leaves

4. Nonvascular Plants no true vascular tissue
no true roots, stems, or leaves
Usually grow on land near streams and rivers

5. Bryophytes (mosses)
pioneer plants
create soil

6. Hepatophyta (liverworts)
grow in moist, shady areas
Live close to the ground to absorb water

7. Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)

8. Seedless Vascular Plants
Dominated the earth until ~2 million years ago
Sexual reproduction via spores

9. Psilophyta (whisk ferns)
no true roots or leaves
photosynthetic stem

10. Lycophyta (Club Mosses)
look like miniature pine trees
once used for Christmas decorations

11. Sphenophyta - Horsetails
jointed photosynthetic stems
contain silica
scale-like leaves at every joint
used by pioneers to scrub pots

12. Pteridophyta - Ferns

13. Seeded - Vascular Plants Gymnosperms
produce “naked” seeds (not enclosed in fruits)
Most are evergreen
Most bear seeds in cones

14. Cycadophyta - Cycads lived at time of dinosaurs ~100 species extant
most are tropical
grow slowly
some live > 1000 years

15. Ginkgophyta - Ginkgoes

16. Ginkgophyta -Ginkgoes
lived at time of dinosaurs
only 1 species living today, Ginko biloba
are deciduous

17. Coniferophyta - Conifers
woody
scale-like leaves
usually have ♂ &♀ cones

18. Gnetophytes
Live in desert, gets most water from condensed fog

19. Ph. Anthophyta (Angiosperms)
flowering plants
largest Phylum of plants
have a flower and a fruit

20. Monocots Class Monocotyledones – monocots one cotyledon parallel veins
scattered vascular bundles
flower parts in3’s

21. Dicots Class Dicotyledones – dicots 2 cotyledons net venation
radial vascular bundles
flower parts in 4’s or 5’s