1. Classification of Living Things

2. Take the pieces and group them into the following categories:
Cell Type (prokaryote/eukaryote)
Cell Structure
# of Cells
Mode of Nutrition (autotroph/heterotroph)
Examples

3. Non-Science Example of Classification
The item in this picture is
Automobile:
Truck, Car, or SUV? Car
Made by? Ford
Type of Ford car? Mustang
-Was made in what year? 2002
-Is it Convertible? No
-Color? Silver

4. Classification: Goes from General to Specific
Automobile – Biggest
Car
Ford
Mustang
2002
-Non Convertible
-Silver - Specific

5. Classification
Classify – to group things together based on similarities
Why Classify?
To make organisms easier to identify
To make organisms easier to compare
How do we classify?
Compare Traits – features or characteristics of an organisms

6. Little Known Fact:
There are over ___1.5 Million_____; and more are discovered each year.
What do we classify? Somewhere between 2 and 100 million have yet to be discovered.
Classification serves as an organization system for all the existing and new organisms
The Science of Classification is called Taxonomy

7. Early Classification – Aristotle 384-322 B.C.
2 Groups: Plants and Animals
Plants – Green, Non Mobile
Animals – Not Green, Mobile

8. How would you classify this using the Plant/Animal system?
Praying Mantis
Green but..
Mobile
Aristotle’s Grouping of life not specific enough

9. Tools Used to Classify Organisms
1. Comparative Anatomy
Compares Physical Structures, Traits
2. Biochemistry – DNA and RNA
3. Embryology – Developing Embryos
4. Molecular Basis – Cellular Structure
5. Phylogeny
Related Organisms with common ancestors, Derived Characters

10. Linnaeus Divisions Still Used in Modern Classification
1. Kingdom – largest group
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
(Most Closely Related)

11. Mnemonic Device – To help remember categories and order
Kingdom - King
Phylum - Phillip
Class – Came
Order – Over
Family From
Genus Great
Species - Spain

12. Taxons Within each category, a particular group is called a Taxon
Many Taxons for each category
Ex: Mammalia is the Taxon for the Class category in Humans
Ex: Homo is the Taxon for the Genus category in Humans
Carnivora is the Taxon for the Order category in Lions

13. Linnaeus Introduced Scientific Naming
Binomial Nomenclature is the 2 word scientific name of an organism
Uses Genus and Species
Genus is capitalized, not species, all italicized
In writing the name, can’t italicize, so underline
Homo sapien (Genus and species of Human)
Panthera leo (Genus and species of Lion)
Used Latin –
Felis concolor or Felis concolor

14. Example Classification
Lion
1. Kingdom – Animalia (all Animals)
2. Phylum – Chordata (All vertebrate animals)
3. Class – Mammalia (All Mammals – mammary glands)
4. Order – Carnivora (Meat eaters)
5. Family – Felidae (includes all Cats)
6. Genus – Panthera (Includes all roaring Cats)
7. Species – leo (Lions)

15. From Kingdom to Species

16. Three Domain System
Classification

17. Fungi Coral – It can move

18. Fungi - Mushrooms
All in the same domain as us!

19. 3 Domains contain 6 Kingdoms
Classification

20. Three Domain System Eubacteria – modern common bacteria
Archaea – ancient organisms related to common bacteria
Eukarya – Includes everything else, Protist, Fungi, Plants, and Animals

21. Which is the most primitive?

22. Just another example of changes in science
5 Kingdoms turns into 6
Monera is now Eubacteria and
Archaeabacteria
Just another example of changes in science

23. Domain Archaea Corresponds to Kingdom Archaebacteria
Cell Type: Prokaryotic (No Nucleus)
Cell Structures :Cells Walls without peptidoglycan
Number of Cells: Unicellular
Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophs or Autotroph
Examples: Halophiles(lives in salty environments)…..some even live in your gut, methanogens, hypothermophiles (lives in extremely temps), thermoacidophiles ( lives in extreme acidic sequence)
Live in Extreme environments like
those of early Earth

24. Domain Bacteria
Corresponds to Eubacteria Kingdom
Cell Type: Prokaryotic (No Nucleus)
Major Cell Structure: Cell Walls contain substance called Peptidoglycan – special protein and sugar , some contain capsules for protection
Number of Cells: Unicellular
Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph and Heterotrophs
Ex. Cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, Streptococcus, E.coli, Staphylococcus, other common bacteria

25. Domain Eukarya Most visible life Humans are in Domain Eukarya
Contains Multiple Kingdoms:
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Eukaryotic – Has a nucleus
Single or multi-cellular
Most visible life
Humans are in Domain Eukarya
Diatom

26. Kingdom Protista Domain Eukarya Type of Cell: Eukaryotic
Major Cell Structures: nucleus, some have a cell wall composed of celluose, some have chloroplasts
Number of cells: Majority are unicellular,
but some are colonial (live in colonies) or multicellular
Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophs or autotrophs (some photosynthetic)
Extreme diversity! Can be plant like or animal like.
Examples: ALGAE, Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Volvox, Slime Mold, giant kelp

27. Kingdom Fungi Domain Eukarya Cell Type: Eukaryotic
Major Cell Structures: nucleus, cell walls composed
(chitin. mycelium, hyphae, sporangia- on actual organism)
Number of Cells: Majority multi cellular; few
unicellular.
Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophs; feeds on dead or decaying organic matter- Decomposer
Examples: Mushrooms, yeast,
bread mold
Bread Mold

28. Kingdom Plantae Domain Eukarya Cell Type: Eukaryotic
Major Cell Structures: nucleus, cell walls made of cellulose, chloroplasts
Number of cells: Multicellular
Mode of Nutrition: Autotrophic due to photosynthesis
Examples: Mosses, ferns, flowering plants, trees.

29. Kingdom Animalia Domain Eukarya Cell Type: Eukaryotic
Major cell structures: nucleus, ER, mitochondria, lysosome, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, etc. NO CELL WALL
Number of Cells: Multicellular,
Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophic
Examples: Sponges, worms,
insects, fishes, mammals, reptiles.
Extreme diversity is
found in this kingdom

31. 6 Kingdom System Eubacteria Archaeabacteria Protista Fungi Plantae
Animalia