1. Biology Credits: Lipscomb Academy
Overview of Protozoa
Biology
Credits: Lipscomb Academy

2. Characteristics
Definition- ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS single-celled microscopic organisms that are noted for their ability to move independently

3. Characteristics Most are heterotrophic
Break down small molecules or cells in food vacuoles

4. Characteristics Some are free-living and others are parasitic
Some human diseases
caused by protozoa are
malaria
amebic dysentery,
and
giardiasis

5. Reproduction Asexual- usually by binary fission
Some sexual by conjugation- an exchange of genetic material

6. Classification Domain- Eukarya Kingdom- Protista
Along with algae, slime molds, and water molds
Four phyla are usually used
Protozoa
Ciliophora
Sarcomastigophora
Apicomplexa

7. Adaptations
Eyespot- localized region of pigment that can detect changes in the quantity and quality of light
Cyst- dormant form of a protozoan that has a hardened outer covering to help them survive harsh conditions

8. Phylum Protozoa Hundreds of species of ameba
Live in sand; mud; rocks; and shallow, slow moving streams and ponds

9. Phylum Protozoa Pseudo- false Podia- foot
Pseudopodia- cytoplasmic extensions pushed out from the amoeba

10. Phylum Protozoa Endoplasm- the inner portion of the cytoplasm
Ectoplasm- the outer layer of the cytoplasm

11. Phylum Protozoa
Pseudopodia is used for feeding

12. Phylum Protozoa Some are covered with a protective shell or test
Foraminifera- tests made of calcium carbonate

13. Phylum Protozoa
Radiolarians

16. Phylum Ciliophora 8000 species Paramecium- large group of ciliates
Feed on bacteria and algae
Covered with cilia

18. Phylum Ciliophora
Pellicle- clear elastic layer of protein that surrounds the cell membrane
Oral Groove- funnel-like depression lined with cilia that sweeps food down into the mouth pore

19. Phylum Ciliophora Gullet- forms food vacuoles
Anal pore- where waste is expelled
Macronucleus- multiple copies of DNA and sexual reproduction

20. Phylum Ciliophora Micronucleus- exchange during conjugation
Reproduction
Binary fission
Sexual- conjugation

21. Phylum Ciliophora

22. Phylum Eugelnoids Combination of Plant and Animal
Chloroplast and heterotroph
Movement by flagella
Consume green algae – color
Eye spot
Nucleus

23. Phylum Protozoa
Human Disease – Amebic dysentery

24. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
2,500 species
One or more flagella
Primitive protozoa
Giardia lamblia

25. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Human Disease
Genus Trypanosoma
Carried from host to host by blood sucking insects

26. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Human Disease
Trypanosomiasis- African sleeping sickness
Tsetse fly

27. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Human Disease
Chagas’ disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
Fever and severe heart damage

28. Phylum Apicomplexa 6,000 species
Adult forms have no means of locomotion
Most are parasitic
Toxoplasmosis- a disease that usually causes no problem in an adult but can harm a developing fetus- common in domestic cats

29. Phylum Apicomplexa Plasmodium- malaria
Severe chills, fever, headache, sweating, fatigue, and great thirst
Vector- female anopheles mosquito

31. Paramecium

32. Amoeba

33. Euglena

34. Dinoflagellate

35. Plasmodium