1. Geography of Canada www.CraigMarlatt.com/school Adapted by S. Kopyto
Forestry
Geography of Canada
Adapted by S. Kopyto

2. Interesting Facts
Canada has the 3rd largest land area covered by forests in the world.
Russia (1st) has the greatest followed by Brazil (2nd)

3. Types of Forests
Softwood forests make up 66% of Canada’s forest cover.
They mainly consist of coniferous trees such as fir, pine, and spruce.

4. Types of Forests
Hardwood forests account for 12% of the forest cover. They are made up mainly of deciduous trees such as poplar, maple, and birch.
The remaining 22% make up mixed forests, both deciduous and coniferous.

5. Commercial and Non-Commercial forests
What’s the difference between commercial and non-commercial forests?
Commercial forests are located in warmer, wetter areas of Canada.
Close to transportation routes: roads, railways, waterways so they can be easily shipped abroad.

6. Commercial and Non-Commercial forests
Non-commercial forests tend to exist in northern areas, where temperature and precipitation levels are low.
Far from transportation routes.

7. Activity
Activity: Canada’s commercial / non-commercial forest regions. Due next class.

8. Boreal means northern in Russian
Boreal Forest
Boreal means northern in Russian
Boreal Shield

9. Boreal Forest

10. Boreal Forest
What type of tree would you expect to find in the Boreal Forest Region?
Hint: think about the climate (temperature and precipitation)

11. Boreal Forest
The northern Boreal Forest is dominated by only two species of trees - Black Spruce and White Spruce.
Taiga is the Russian word for forest.

12. Boreal Forest Black Spruce White Spruce Balsam Fir Jack Pine Cedar
Tamarack
White Birch
Poplar

13. Pacific Maritime Forest

14. Pacific Maritime
What type of tree would you expect to find in the Pacific Maritime?

15. Pacific Maritime Forest
Douglas Fir
Sitka Spruce

16. Pacific Maritime Forest
Western Red Cedar
Western Hemlock

17. Montane Cordillera Forest

18. Montane Cordillera Forest
Ponderosa Pine
Engelmann Spruce
Douglas Fir

19. Economic Impacts:
The forest industry produces lumber, pulp and paper, and other forest products worth about $81 billion per year (2004). Slightly more than half of this amount is exported.
Industry employs more than direct jobs. Almost indirect jobs are associated with forestry.

20. Contributions to the Economy
Which province do you think is the greatest producer of pulp and paper?

21. Value of Forest Industry
Pulp and Paper Products
Other Provinces
$7286 million
Quebec
$11575 million
British Columbia
$7514 million
Ontario
$10018 million

22. Contributions to the Economy
Which province do you think is the greatest producer of wood products?

23. Value of Forest Industry
Wood Products
Other Provinces $780 million
New Brunswick $751 million
Alberta $1731 million
British Columbia
$ million
Ontario
$3454 million
Quebec
$5306 million

24. Methods of Harvesting Forests
Clear-cutting
Shelterwood Cutting
Selective cutting

25. Methods of Harvesting Forests
Trees up to 25" in diameter can be cut with the XL25.

26. When replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in species and size
Methods of Harvesting Forests
Clear Cutting
Loggers remove every tree and leave a barren landscape.
When replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in species and size

27. Methods of Harvesting Forests
Shelterwood Cutting
Involves clear-cutting only part of an old growth forest
Small groups of seed bearing trees are left so the area will regenerate.
Shelterwood method is often used in forests that have grown and aged evenly

28. Only mature trees of the desired size, type or quality
Methods of Harvesting Forests
Selective Cutting
Only mature trees of the desired size, type or quality
Another shot of the same stand in an area that has been finished--except for picking up a few logs.  The stand is about 65 years old.

29. Forestry Issues
Too few trees are replanted?
= Soil erosion

30. Forestry Issues
Clogged Rivers

31. Forestry Issues
Water Pollution
Air Pollution

32. Forestry Issues
Aerial Spraying
Forest Fires

33. Forestry Issues
Destruction of Wildlife Habitat