1. The Ideas of the Enlightenment
EQ: How do new ideas spark change?

2. Home Learning: Ch. 15, Lesson 2
Philosophe
Separation of power
deism
Laisse-faire
salons

3. Enlightenment Introduction Questions Chapter 15, Lesson 2 pg. 274-276
What do you think the Enlightenment is?
What is the Enlightenment?
What is the effect of the ideas of the Enlightenment?
Who were the intellectuals of the Enlightenment influenced by, and what effect did these individuals have on them?
Who were the philosophes? What was the role of philosophy?

4. What was the Enlightenment?
In 1700s European thinkers believed that reason (rational thought) could be used to make government and society better.
Wanted to illuminate people, and get rid of superstition and ignorance
Political thinkers applied reason to government

5. The Philosophes 18th century French thinkers, writers, teachers
Wanted to use reason (logic) to change society
Committed to social reform
Celebrated the scientific revolution
Believed in freedom of speech and individual’s rights to freedom
Their ideas influence the French Revolution

6. Per. 3: Enlightenment Thinkers
What ideas did the philosophes contribute to society?
Thinker
Major Ideas
Groups #1-7
1. Locke (pg. 220/ pg. 274)
Brian, Gia, Estepanie, Mauro
EXPERT: Estephanie
2. Hobbes (pg. 220)
Luis, Maurice, Sam
EXPERT: Luis
3. Montesquieu (pg. 274)
JC, Lien, Jonathan, Ronny
EXPERT: Ronny
4. Diderot (pg. 274)
Brandon, Felix, Nathan, Kat
EXPERT: Brandon
5. Rousseau (pg. 277)
Steven, Daniela, Elyianis, Amanda
EXPERT: Daniela
6. Wollstonecraft (pg. 277)
Nayelis, Harol, Alondra
EXPERT: Nayelis

7. Per. 6: Enlightenment Thinkers
What ideas did the philosophes contribute to society?
Thinker
Major Ideas
Groups #1-6
1. Locke (pg. 220/ pg. 274)
Austin, Manny, Prisilla
EXPERT: Manny
2. Hobbes (pg. 220)
Jonathan, Randy
EXPERT: Randy
3. Montesquieu (pg. 274)
Devin, Luis, Illiat
EXPERT: Devin
4. Diderot (pg. 274)
Jessica, Orlando, Shakira
EXPERT: Orlando
5. Rousseau (pg. 277)
Anthony, Juan, Kevin
EXPERT: Juan
6. Wollstonecraft (pg. 277)
Eli, Antonio
EXPERT: Eli

8. Per. 7: Enlightenment Thinkers
What ideas did the philosophes contribute to society?
Thinker
Major Ideas
Groups #1-7
1. Locke (pg. 220/ pg. 274)
Claudia A, Jean, Sanz
EXPERT: Pedro
2. Hobbes (pg. 220)
Alex, Amed, Anthony
EXPERT: Alejandro
3. Montesquieu (pg. 274)
Octavio, Carlos, Kim
EXPERT: Octavio
5. Diderot (pg. 274)
Helen, Pablo, Reyes
EXPERT: Pablo
6. Rousseau (pg. 277)
Livan, Lorena, Melanie
EXPERT: Lorena
7. Wollstonecraft (pg. 277)
Andrea, Claudia R.
EXPERT:

9. Group Activity : JIGZAW Puzzle
Summarize the ideas of the thinker you were assign to (15 minutes)
TRAVEL: One EXPERT will travel and tell the other groups what they learned about their thinker. (10 minutes)
The LEARNER group will write down all that is taught by the EXPERT.
We will continue to TRAVEL AROUND.

10. Thomas Hobbes English thinker, wrote about English gov. and society
Leviathan (1651) = absolute monarchy the best form of gov.
Humans were “naturally” selfish, violent, and could not be trusted
Therefore, they needed a government who could rule like the leviathan (sea monster) = humans needed kings, strong rulers

11. The cover of Leviathan (1651), Hobbes’ book

12. John Locke English thinker
Citizens have rights and gov. has to answer to the people.
The Treatise of Government (1690) all people had natural rights—life, liberty, and right to own property.
Purpose of gov. is to protect these rights
Social contract = an agreement between rulers and people

13. Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
A French thinker
The Sprit of the Laws (1748)
Believed in separation of powers
Power divided among branches of government = legislative, executive, judicial
By separating these powers , gov. could not become too powerful and threaten people’s rights

14. Bell Ringer: Quotations from the Philosophes
Montesquieu
“The political liberty of the subject is a tranquility of mind, arising from the opinion each person has of his safety. In order to have this liberty, it is requisite the government be so constituted as one man need not be afraid of another.”
—Baron de Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws

15. Voltaire (1694-1778) French philosophe
Criticized actions of the Church
Religious toleration, fighting against religious intolerance (Protestants in France)
Championed deism—religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
God (mechanic/ clockmaker) created the universe
He set it in motion and allowed it to run without his interference, according to its own natural laws.

16. Enlightenment and Women
1700s women thinkers called for women’s rights
Mary Wollstonecraft
An English writer
Founder of modern women’s right movement
Wrote: Vindication of the rights of Women
All humans have reason—including women so they should have same rights as men
Rights to get en education, work, and participate in political life.

18. Enlightenment Salons
Enlightenment ideas were spread through the salon.
Elegant drawing rooms of the wealthy upper class
Brought writers, artists, aristocrats together

19. Activity: Chapter 15, Lesson 2
1. Critical Thinking: Do the coffee houses of today serve the same purpose as early ones (salons)? Why or why not? (pg. 278)
2. Comparing/Contrasting: Compare and Contrast two Enlightenment philosophes.
3. Personal Writing: Write a paragraph in which you give your personal opinion of the ideas of one of the intellectuals discussed in this lesson. Explain why you agree or disagree with the person’s work or ideas. Be sure to give specific details as to why you agree or disagree.

20. “To Understand Quotations from the Philosophes Diderot
To understand, it means to see the link between ideas in a judgment or the link between propositions in reasoning. Thus this act of comprehension ought to precede any affirmation or negation. What we understand can be true or false; if it is true, it is to be agreed with; if it is false, it is to be denied.”
—Denis Diderot, Encyclopedia
Diderot, Denis. "Understand, To." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Christelle Gonthier. Ann Arbor: Scholarly Publishing Office of the University of Michigan Library, 2004.