1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Erasmus and Christian Humanism
The Protestant Reformation is the name that is used for the reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.

3. Christian Humanism
Christian humanists’ goal was to reform the Catholic Church
Believed that they must reform individuals in order to reform the church

4. Desiderius Erasmus was a well known Christian humanist
Called his view of religion “the philosophy of Christ”
belief that Christians should show people how to live good lives.

5. Desiderius Erasmus
He criticized the Catholic Church, but did not want to break away from it
However, his ideas paved the way for the Reformation

6. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation
Between 1450 and 1520, there was great corruption in the church
Popes were more concerned with Italian politics than spiritual duties
Church officials were using their church offices to make money

7. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation
The people wanted a meaningful religion, and wanted to know how to achieve salvation
Acceptance into Heaven
Church officials began selling indulgences to the ill-educated citizens
Forgiveness from all or part of the punishment for sin
All of these things greatly upset reformers

8. Martin Luther http://www. history
German monk and professor
He challenged Catholic teachings that salvation was achieved through faith and good works

9. Martin Luther
Luther believed people could never do enough works to gain salvation
Said that they were saved through their faith in God alone

10. Martin Luther
According to Luther’s teachings, God grants salvation because he is merciful, not because of a person’s good works
This is called justification (being made right with God)
Became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation

11. The Ninety-Five Theses
Statements against the sale of indulgences that were sent to church superiors
Thousands of copies were spread through Germany

12. The Church’s Reaction to Martin Luther
In 1521, the Catholic Church excommunicated Martin Luther
He was made an outlaw in the empire

13. A Rise in Lutheranism Luther’s religious movement became a revolution
He set up new religious services to replace Catholic mass
Consisted of Bible readings, preaching, and songs
became known as Lutheran churches
Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith

14. Politics in the German Reformation
Charles V, the emperor of the immense Holy Roman Empire, really wanted to keep his land Catholic
Many princes of the German states supported Luther

15. Politics in the German Reformation
Charles V attempted to bring military forces to Germany, but was unable to defeat the princes

16. Peace of Augsburg http://www. christianity
Because of his failure in Germany, Charles was forced to sign the Peace of Augsburg
formally accepted the division of Catholicism and Lutheranism
The German states could now choose between the two