1. Basic Animal Nutrition 2
Walter J. Taylor
Agricultural Educator
Sources: College Lectres, Google Searches, Textbooks owned by the department and instructor

2. Animal Nutrition Digestive system differentiation Monogastric
Humans, pigs, dogs, cats,
Hindgut fermenters: horses and rabbits
Modified: birds
ALL have ONE TRUE Stomach
Ruminants
Cattle, sheep, goats, deer, elk, buffalo, llamas
ALL have a FOUR compartment stomach

3. Animal Nutrition
Parts of the Ruminant Digestive System

4. Animal Nutrition
Grain has Butyric acid which stimulates papillae growth in the rumen
Hay: strengthens muscle in the rumen
Roughages: produce acetic acid and proprionic acid (not good for papillae growth)
Feed only after animal is weaned from milk

5. Animal Nutrition Where do animals get their protein needs?
Plant Base: corn, oats, wheat, hay, cottonseeds, soybeans
Animal Base: tankage
Where do animals get their CHO’s needs?
Plant Base: corn, oats, wheat, barley, sorghum
Where do animals get their Fat needs?
Plant Base: oil seeds and grains
Animal Base: tallow

6. Animal Nutrition What is the difference between these terms?
Concentrate: a feed that is high in CHOs and low in fiber
Roughages: a feed low in carbs and high in fiber
Where do animals get their minerals?
Inorganic sources: mineral lick areas, eating soils that are high in the mineral, plants
Where do animals get their vitamins?
Roughages, grains, milk, sun

7. Animal Nutrition
What can you infer about animal rations so far?

8. Basic Animal Nutrition 2
Classes of Feeds

9. Animal Nutrition Roughages > 18% Crude Fiber
EXAMPLES: hay, pasture grasses, silage, fodder
Non-legumes: borne grass, timothy grass, corn, sorghum, Sudan grass
EXAMPLES: alfalfa, clover, beans, peas
Legumes: these plants have nodules on roots that fix nitrogren in the soil

10. Animal Nutrition Concentrates <18% Crude Fiber
>20% Crude Protein = high energy
EXAMPLES:
Grains: corn, oats, wheat, barley, soybeans, sorghum
Sometimes we add protein supplements >20% CP
Animal Base: by products of the meat packing industry
(bone and blood meal, tankage)
Plant Base: products of oil extraction process
(soy, lysine, cotton, peanut, sunflower, = seed oil meal)

11. Animal Nutrition
Feed Additives: purpose is to improve health and increase feed efficiency
Vitamins, minerals, molasses, antibiotics, hormones, fats, salt, anathematic (dewormer) preservatives, bloat guards, tranquilizers, antioxidents, baking soda, rumen activators

13. Animal Nutrition
Animals can be feed these components individually but more producers are blending them into Total Mixed Rations (TMR).
TMR can be produced by the producer or from a commercial feed agribusiness

14. Animal Nutrition
Who are our feed companies?