1. Measuring
Gender
Progress in EFA

2. Why measure gender success?
We have a commitment goal 2,4, 5 of the Dakar Framework.
Progress/backsliding on gender equality in education must be measured so education stakeholders respond appropriately.
It is essential to have gender-explicit objectives, results statements & indicators so women, men, girls & boys are visible. Otherwise, gender mainstreaming can be ‘no-action’ talk.

3. Definition of Gender Equality:
“It is essential to eliminate systemic gender disparities, where they persist, amongst girls and boys, throughout the education system - in enrolment, achievement and completion; in teacher training and career development; in curriculum and learning practices and learning processes. This requires better appreciation of the role of education as an instrument of women’s equality and empowerment”
Jan.2000, The Asia and the Pacific Regional framework for Action

4. What’s an Indicator. An indicator is a signal
What’s an Indicator? An indicator is a signal. It is a means of measuring what actually happens against what we planned to happen.

5. What’s a gender-sensitive indicator?
A gender-sensitive indicator is a signal that helps to measure gender-related changes in society over time.      

6. The Q & Q of Indicators Quantitative Data – numbers and percentages.
Qualitative Data – perceptions, attitudes, experiences, reasons for changing and not changing.

7. Gender indicators  change
Increasing the relevance of education for girls and boys (access & quality)
Reducing gender inequalities in the class or in the education system
Increasing men’s and women’s participation in decision-making (ministry management, PTA, school management boards) 

8. All types of indicators can be gender-sensitive

9. - measures the progress made in implementing key activities
Process indicator
- measures the progress made in implementing key activities
- Indicator: % classroom observations where teachers (M/F) used child-centered methods and asked 40-60% of their questions to boys and 40-60% of their questions to girls.

10. Output indicator measures immediate results. Indicator:
% of girls and % of boys who graduated from secondary school & plan to take tertiary education;
% of women & % of men applying to attend pedagogical universities;
% of men/women who hold executive positions in active PTAs.

11. Outcome indicator
-measures longer-term results & whether the project benefits are being sustained. (For example, 3-5 years after project completion)
Indicator: # of male teachers recruited in affirmative action program that express intent to make a lifelong career of teaching 3-5 yr after they were hired.

12. More outcome indicators
Measuring gender gaps in learning achievement in math and languages
Measuring changes in the streaming of girls and boys
Number of Women in High level Management Positions

13. Empowerment measures:
PPersonal change in consciousness involving an increase in self-confidence, the right to make choices or decisions, to own or control resources etc.
(Indicator – frequency of senior boys/girls acting as mentors to help to younger boys/girls)   

14. Empowerment measures
Group formation or organization-based social and/or political change.
(Indicator – level of responsibility taken by PTA in management)

15. The right indicator mix:
Cross validates qualitative & quantitative
data
Has a balance of process & outcome indicators
Tracks empowerment
Exposes the differential impact on girls and boys
(women and men)