1. Introduction to the Global Economy

2. Economic consequences
Figure I Firm decision tree and book overview
Part I
Introduction
Part II
Firms, trade,
and location
Part III
Capital, currency,
and crises
Figure I
Part IV
Consequences
of globalization
Economic consequences

3. Figure 1.1 ‘Big Bang’ and beyond
Data sources: Louis Henri Fournet (1998) and the website ‘A baby picture of the universe tells its age’, 11 February 2003.

4. Figure 1.2 Development of world population over the last 2,500 years
Data sources: Kremer (1993, table 1) and UN Population Division World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision.

6. Figure 1.3 Development in world population, UN projection to 2100
Data source: UN Population Division World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, medium variant

8. Figure 1.4 GDP and GNP, current $, 2010
Data source: World Bank Development Indicators Online; data are for 167 countries; the thin line is a 45° line; bubbles proportional to size of GDP; double logarithmic scales.

10. Figure 1.5 Correction of GDP per capita for purchasing power, 2010
Data source: World Bank Development Indicators Online.

11. Figure 1.6 Development of world per capita income over the last 2,000 years, logarithmic graph
Data source: Maddison Historical Statistics AD; 1990 international Geary-Khamis dollars

12. Figure 1.8 Leaders and laggards in GDP per capita: a widening perspective
Data source: Maddison Historical Statistics AD; deviation relative to world index = 100 for positive and country index = 100 for negative deviations.

13. Figure 1.9 Carrying capacity of European merchant fleets, 1470–1780, metric tons
Data source: Maddison (2001, p. 77); absence of a bar in a year for a particular country /group indicates that no data are available.

14. Figure 1.10 Two ‘waves’ of globalization, merchandise exports, per cent of GDP
Data sources: Maddison (2001, table F-5) in constant 1990 prices, extended to 2010 using WTO International Trade Statistics and World Development Indicators Online.

15. Figure 1.11 Trade and market integration

18. Figure 1.12 London external bond spread, 1870–1940, fourteen core and empire bonds
Source: Based on Obstfeld and Taylor (2003); the units are percentage points.

19. Figure 1.13 Foreign capital stocks; assets/world GDP, 1860–2000
Source: Based on Obstfeld and Taylor (2003).

20. Figure 1.14 Relative migration flows, Western Europe and Western Offshoots, 1870–2010, per 1,000 inhabitants
Figure 1.14
Data sources: Net migration in the period (Maddison, 2001, table 3-4) is divided by the (simple) average population and length of the period, normalized per 1,000 inhabitants; updated for the period with data from UN Population Division, Migration Section; Western Europe consists of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and UK.

21. Figure 1.15 Traditional and globalized fragmented production processes

22. Figure 1.16 Change in night light intensity on the Korean peninsula, 1992-2008
Source: Henderson, Storeygard, and Weil (2011), reprinted with permission